Chapter10 Using Language

Chapter 10Using Language

Using Language Accurately 

Using Language Clearly

USE FAMILIAR WORDS

You should speak in \

CHOOSE CONCRETE WORDS（实在）

Concrete words:Words that refer totangible objects. Abstract words:Words that refer to ideasor concepts.

ELIMINATE CLUTTER(杂乱）

The hardest part is recognizing clutter and forcing yourself to throw away the unnecessary words. Watch for clutter when you write your speech outlines. Be prepared to revise the outline until your ideas emerge clearly and crisply.

 You can also help eliminate clutter by practicing your speeches with adigital recorder.

Using Language Vividly

IMAGERY比喻

Concrete Words

Simile明喻

An explicit comparison between things that are essentially different yet have something in common.

Metaphor暗喻

APPROPRIATENESS TO THE AUDIENCE

RHYTHM节奏

Parallelism并列

Reiteration重复

Reiteration of the same word orset of words at the beginning orend of successive clauses or sentence.

 Create a strong emotional effect.

Alliteration头韵

Repeat the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words.

Catch the attention oflisteners and can make ideas easier to remember.

Antithesis对偶

Using Language Appropriately

APPROPRIATENESS TO THE OCCASION

APPROPRIATENESS TO THE TOPIC

APPROPRIATENESS TO THE SPEAKER

One way to develop this consciousness is to read and listen to effective speakers.

seek to become the best possible you.

Using Language Inclusively

Avoid the Generic\"He\"

Avoid the Use of\"Man\"When Referring to Both Men and Women

Avoid Stereotyping Jobs and Social Roles by Gender模式化

Use Names That Groups Use to Identify Themselves