美语入门
2018-08-21 14:35:25 0 举报AI智能生成
美语入门的思维导图，自己每天学习过后的提炼。
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
be动词
表“是”的动词
is
am
are
助动词
置于动词之前，用以帮助该动词加强其意思或语气的一种词类
在问句中，助动词则置于句首，之后接主语，再接动词原型。
在问句中，助动词则置于句首，之后接主语，再接动词原型。
常用助动词
will 将会
would
can 能够
may 也许
中文姓名
姓
family name
last name
surname
名
first name
given name
时间&日期
描述现在时间
It's noon.
It's midnight.
It's five past three.
It's three o five.
It's one fifteen.
It's fifteen past one.
It's a quarter past one.
It's two thirty.
It's half pass two.
It's twenty to five.
It's four forty.
It's one o'clock.
It's one.
日期
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
月份
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
所有格
含义：就是一种有限定作用的形容词，表示“属于...的”之意，之后要置名词
有生命
代词所有格
第一人称
I 我
My 我的
We 我们
our 我们的
第二人称
you 你/你们
your 你的/你们的
第三人称
he 他
his 他的
she 她
her 她的
it 它
its 它的
they 他/她们/它们
their 他/她/它们的
专有名词
若专有名词本身有“s”，有两种变化：
Mr.Jones
Mr.Jones' car
Mr.Jones's car
普通名词
若普通名词为复数，其所有格形态为：
This is a girls' school.
This is a school for girls
This is a girl's school.
无生命
the A of B
the color of the table
the roof of the house
时间或地方的名词可以采用两种所有格形态
today's world
the world of today
the city's traffic
the traffic of the city
“有”
中文句首为“人”或“动物”，应使用have
I have a book.
The monkey has a long tail.
中文句首是“场所”或“时间”时，应使用 there is / there are
There is + 单数名词
There are + 复数名词
There are + 复数名词
in （在...之内）
名词
on （在...之上）
by （在...旁边）
near （在...附近）
那里有/这里有
there is + 单数名词 + there/here
There is a man there.
there are + 复数名词 + there/here
There are five apples here.
情景
打招呼
How do you do？
回复：How do you do?
How're you?
回复：Fine, thank you.
餐厅
Do you have a table for two？
I'd like to book a table for seven.
I'd like to reserve a table for seven.
I'd like to reserve a table for seven.
How about a cup of tea?
Would you like a cup of tea?
Would you like a cup of tea?
How would you like your steak?
How about something to drink?
商店
坐车
旅馆入住
换钱
航班飞机
邮局
看医生
动物园
看电影
求职面试
集合名词
副词
定义：可修饰动词、形容词和副词的词类
fairly
quite
rather
very
extremely
(程度依次递增)
quite
rather
very
extremely
(程度依次递增)
形容词
疑问句
疑问词
what、which、who、where、when、how
一定放在句首
Who is Mary？
What can he do？
中文疑问句与英文疑问句的结构不相同
中文
他是谁？
他是彼得。
英文
Who is Peter？
He is Peter.
造句方法
主语之后有be动词时，be动词与主语要倒装
Who he is？
Who is he？
主语之后有助动词时，助动词与主语要倒装
When he will come?
When will he come?
主语之后有动词，主语前置+do/does，动词变原形
Where he lives？
Where does he live？
疑问词可作主语
谁会来？
Who will come？
哪一个比较好？
Which is better？
介绍人的法则
男性被介绍给女性
晚辈被介绍给长辈
指示代词
this（这个）
that（那个）
these（这些）
those（那些）
根据距离区分
离说话者近
this
these
离说话者远
that
those
答句时代替法则
it
this
that
they
these
those
指示形容词
This is a good book.
This book is good.
That is a chair
That chair is red.
礼貌称谓语
Mr. Wang 王先生
Mrs. Wang 王太太
Miss Wang 王小姐
Ms. Wang 王女士
感叹句
What 引导
核心：What + 名词 + 主语 + be动词！
步骤
This is a good movie.
What a good movie this is!
What a good movie!
John is a filial son.
What a filial son John is!
What a filial son!
How 引导
核心：How + 形容词 + 主语 + be动词！
步骤
John is nice.
How nice John is!
How nice!
She is beautiful.
How beautiful she is!
How beautiful!
基数词&序数词
基数词是用来表示数量，序数词则是用来表示次序
例子
I like the fifth book. 我喜欢第五本书.
He has five books. 他有五本书.
现在进行时
含义：一种用来表示“在现在的时刻，某动作正在进行”的状态
结构：主语 + 现在时的be动词 + 现在分词
be动词
is
am
are
现在分词
动词 + ing
现在完成时
结构：主语 + have/has + 过去分词
例子
He will leave.
He has left.
They will go to the States.
They have gone to the States.
过去时
祈使句
反意疑问句
形容“天气”
sunny 有阳光的
rainy 下雨的
cloudy 阴天的
windy 有风的
snowy 有雪的
foggy 起雾的
chilly 寒冷的
cold 比chilly更寒冷
cool 凉爽的
hot 炎热的
warm 温暖的
单复数同形的名词
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