新概念英语-时态
2019-07-02 11:39:47 10 举报
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新概念英语-句式
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
基本结构
主系表
用法:描述属性、状态、特征
结构:
主语+be动词+表语
I am a singer./He is a singer.
主语+感官动词+表语
I fell well./He fells well.
主谓宾
用法:描述动作
结构:
主语+实义动词+宾语
I love you./He loves her.
动词的单三形式
一般直接加s
所加的“s”发音规则
在清辅音后发为[s]的音
在浊辅音及元音后发[z]的音
在[t]后可以与[t]一起发[ts]的音
在[d]后与[d]一起发[dz]的音
以"ch/sh/s/x/o"结尾的动词,加es
pass——>passes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,改y为i,再加es
fly——>flies
不规则变形
have——>has
句型
疑问句
一般疑问句
提问
be动词/助动词/情态动词提前
回答
用yes/no回答,人称代词+be动词/助动词/情态动词
who的用法
Ann phoned Tom?
如果是问主语,则直接替换
Who phoned Tom?
如果是问宾语,用【一般过去时】
Who did phoned Ann?
特殊疑问句
疑问代词+一般疑问句?
疑问代词(what/which)+名词?
反意疑问句
结构:陈述句(肯定/否定)+Question tag(疑问标签)
It is cold,isn't it?
You are tired,aren't you?
She likes it,Doesn't she?
He doesn't say,Does he?
前面是肯定,后面就否定形式,前面是否定,后面就肯定形式;情态动词一样用(主谓宾);有变化的是助动词和系动词;
直接用Yes./No.回答
祈使句
用法:表示命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止的句子,无主语
肯定形式
be+形容词/名词
do sth
否定形式
Don't+do/be
Let's+not+动词原形
简单句
1个句子,1个动词
复合句/从句
句子>=2,动词>=2
定语从句
用来修饰,限定,相当于很长的形容词
结构:先行词+引导词/连接词/关系词+定语从句
sb+who/that+定语从句
sth+which/that+定语从句
先行词是被修饰的主体,引导词/连接词/关系词后紧接的是定语从句
当先行词为主语时:
Anyone [who/what] wants to apply for the job must do so by Friday.
当先行词为宾语时:
There is a young man [who/that] likes swimming.(有一个喜欢游泳的年轻人)
2个简单句转复合从句,先找重叠的sb/sth作为先行词
There is a young man.He likes swimming.(这2个句子的a young man = He)
当从句的宾语是先行词,连接词可省略
There're people [who/that] I met during the trip.
宾语从句(主谓宾)
I'm sure/I believe/think/guess/afraid that...
连接词后紧跟的句子就是从句
并列句
句子+and/but/or+句子(固定结构)
前后句子主语一致时,后者主语可省略
时态
现在进行时
用法:
表示正在发生或表示将来要发生
结构:
be doing
I am shopping.
动词的ing形式
一般直接加ing
do——>doing
以不发音的e、ue结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing
dance——>dancing
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词加ing
see——>seeing
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这一字母,再加ing
cut——>cutting
以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing
die——>dying
以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ing
picnic——>picnicking
结尾是x则不必双写
relax——>relaxing
一般现在时
用法:
描述目前的属性、状态、特征
描述客观规律、真理、科学现象、常规、时刻表
结构:
主系表
am/is/are
疑问句
Are you a singer?
肯定句
I am a singer.
否定句
I am not a singer.
主谓宾
感官动词
疑问句
Do you feel well?
肯定句
He feels well.
否定句
He doesn't feel well.
现在完成时
用法:表示过去发现,和现在有关,描述某段时间所做的事
结束、结果
just(刚才)
He has just gone out.
aleady(已经)
He has aleady gone out.
持续、延续
for...(时间段)
He has gone out for one day.
since...ago(时间段)
He has gone out since one day ago.
since...(时间点)
He has gone out since yesterday.
经历、经验(在世的人)
ever(曾经)
He has ever traveled.
never(从不)
He has never traveled.
结构:
have done(过去分词)
疑问句
Have you done worked?
肯定句
I have worked.
否定句
I have not worked.
has done
疑问句
Has he done worked?
肯定句
He has worked.
否定句
He has not worked.
过去进行时
用法
描述过去某一段时间持续正在发生的事,用来强调动作的持续性(一直/某刻)
插入时态
当一个动作正在发生时(过去进行时),被另一个动作打断(一般过去时)
用来说明过去动作发生的先后顺序,过去进行时这个动作先发生
一般情况下会用到when和while连接词
when+did
When Ann did,We were having dinner.
while+was/were doing
Ann phoned while we were having dinner.
结构:
was/were+doing
What were you doing at 10:00?
一般过去时
用法:表示过去发生、过去结束,与现在无关
结构:
主系表
am/is变形为was
疑问句
Was he a singer?
肯定句
He was a singer.
否定句
He wasn't a singer.
are变形为were
疑问句
Were they a singer?
肯定句
They were a singer.
否定句
They weren't a singer.
主谓宾
动词变形为过去式
疑问句
Did you love him?
肯定句
Yes,I loved him.
否定句
No,I didn't love him.
过去式的变形规则
规则动词
一般直接加ed
look——>looked
以”e“结尾的动词直接加d
dance——>danced
以”辅音字母+y“结尾的动词,改y为i,再加ed
study——>studied
以“重读闭音节”结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母(w,y,x除外),双写这个辅音字母加-ed
skip——>skipped
不规则动词
需记住新一语法书第245页的不规则动词表
过去完成时
用法:它的存在是为了区分先后顺序,有had done就一定会有did,did前面都用had done
结构:
had done(先)
He had learned some English before.
过去分词的变形规则
规则动词
一般直接加ed
work——>worked
以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d ”
live——>lived
以”辅音字母+y“结尾的动词,改y为i,再加ed
study——>studied
重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母(r、y、x除外),先双写该辅音字母,再加“-ed”
stop——>stopped
以c结尾的动词,要变c为ck,再加“-ed”
picnic——>picnicked
不规则动词
需记住新一语法书第245页的不规则动词表
一般将来时
用法:表示计划好做某事,将要做某事
be going to do
用法:
计划做某事,比较肯定,计划时间比较具体
I am going to do homework.
有征兆时,可用这表示
I'm going to have a cold.
It's going to rain.
只能第一人称+shall do
用法:征询/许可或提议/建议
I shall.../We shall
will do
用法:临时决定、临时计划或主观意愿
否定形式
will not do = won't do
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