第五单元：介宾
2019-04-03 08:45:23 9 举报AI智能生成
零基础英语学习：介宾
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预习作业
下方三组例句，每组内的两句句子基本意思相同。
仔细研读后推出to的用法，并依样画葫芦完成练习题。
仔细研读后推出to的用法，并依样画葫芦完成练习题。
例1：
Give it some water please.
Give some water to it please.
Give it some water please.
Give some water to it please.
例2：
Give him a glass of wine please.
Give a glass of wine to him please.
Give him a glass of wine please.
Give a glass of wine to him please.
例3：
Give me the bag please.
Give the bag to me please.
Give me the bag please.
Give the bag to me please.
练习：每组提示词用两种方式说出完整句子。
注意将一些提示词做适当变形。
注意将一些提示词做适当变形。
1. give, she, some, flower
2. give, we, three bottle, milk
上节课回顾of
a photo of me
从中我们能推出，在介词后面跟的是宾语。不能说a photo of I。
介词与宾语的搭配我们称为“介宾”结构。
今天要学习的to和for同样需要满足介宾结构。
介词与宾语的搭配我们称为“介宾”结构。
今天要学习的to和for同样需要满足介宾结构。
to
自然推理
这句话是否能表达“我每天都去公园”？
I go the park every day.
I go the park every day.
我们在学习新的语言点之前，就应该能判断出这句话是错误的。
“意先于形”， go the park无法说清是我每天都去公园，还是我每天都到公园里走走，或是每天都路过公园？
句子中缺少的“去到”、“里面”、“经过”等需要介词来表达。
而表达“到”的介词是to，
这句话就应该说成：I go to the park every day.
而表达“到”的介词是to，
这句话就应该说成：I go to the park every day.
依葫芦画瓢
to可广泛地理解为是表达“到达目的地”的介词。
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.
(sth. = something 某事物; sb. = somebody 某人)
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.
(sth. = something 某事物; sb. = somebody 某人)
比如：
go to the company (company /’kʌmpəni/ 公司)是“到公司去”的意思
come to me是“到我这儿来”的意思
go to the company (company /’kʌmpəni/ 公司)是“到公司去”的意思
come to me是“到我这儿来”的意思
再如：
Give her some flowers. = Give some flowers to her.
Give us three bottles of milk. = Give three bottles of milk to us.
Give her some flowers. = Give some flowers to her.
Give us three bottles of milk. = Give three bottles of milk to us.
知识点
give sb. = 动宾
类似give用法的常见词还包括：
- bring /briŋ/ 带来
- take /teik/ 取走
比如：
✔ bring it to me
✘ take it to me
✔ bring it to me
✘ take it to me
✔take it to her
∆ bring it to her （只有当“她”就在“我”身边时才成立！）
∆ bring it to her （只有当“她”就在“我”身边时才成立！）
to sb. = 介宾
与to相对的介词是from /frɔm/，表示来自、从。
经典的问句Where are you from?问的是国籍，
回答是：I am from China.（不是回答“我从家里来”！）
回答是：I am from China.（不是回答“我从家里来”！）
from ... to这对介词也完全可以连用。
1.- When is the shop open? (open /’əupən/ 开着的；打开)
2.- It is open from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. (a.m.上午；p.m.下午)
3.Their ages are from 16 to 20. (age /eidʒ/ 年龄)
for
自然推理
研读下列示例，推断for的基本含义。
1. We are so happy for you.
2. This apple is for you.
3. I do everything for her.
4. I work for Lady Yang.
5. The room is for my books.
知识点
for的“为了”之意有时可引申为“作为”
1. My boss gives me one week for holiday.
( 注： one week for holiday基本含义同one week’s holiday)
( 注： one week for holiday基本含义同one week’s holiday)
2. The bread and butter is for my breakfast. (breakfast /’brekfəst/ 早餐)
（注：bread and butter是“涂了黄油的面包”，是一个食物，因此视为单数！）
（注：bread and butter是“涂了黄油的面包”，是一个食物，因此视为单数！）
词法：to VS for
有的时候，to和for在词法结构上都是正确的。
此时，要避免混淆就要从两个词的本源意思（“到达”和“为了”）出发，从意思上寻找区别。
此时，要避免混淆就要从两个词的本源意思（“到达”和“为了”）出发，从意思上寻找区别。
试比较：
- bring it to me
- bring it for me
两者语法上都成立，但意思不同。
前者是“带给我”之意（以我为目的地），
后者是“为了我把它带上”之意（不一定是要把东西给到我手里）。
前者是“带给我”之意（以我为目的地），
后者是“为了我把它带上”之意（不一定是要把东西给到我手里）。
- Please read it to me. (read /ri:d/ 阅读)
- Please read it for me.
两者语法上都成立，但意思不同。
前者为“读给我听”之意（阅读指向的“目的地”是我），
而后者是“替我读一下”之意（原本是我要读的，但请你“为了”我去读一下）。
前者为“读给我听”之意（阅读指向的“目的地”是我），
而后者是“替我读一下”之意（原本是我要读的，但请你“为了”我去读一下）。
- go to Shanghai
- go for food
两者在语法上也都成立，但意思不同。
前者是指“去上海”（去到上海这个目的地）；
后者在一定的上下文中可以指“追求美食”（为了食物而奔走）。
前者是指“去上海”（去到上海这个目的地）；
后者在一定的上下文中可以指“追求美食”（为了食物而奔走）。
从“到达”和“为了”引申出的“对于”之意，
是to和for的辨析难点。
是to和for的辨析难点。
1. Reading is good for us.
2. Reading is good to us.
3. Money is important for me. (important /im’pɔ:tənt/ 重要的)
4. Money is important to me.
5. She is good to me.
to和for各自还有一些固定搭配，不受本节课所学到的规则约束，在以后的英语学习过程中我们将逐渐积累。
实践
填入正确的介词：
1. - Do you have lamb ____ lunch? – No, I have it ____ dinner.
2. Do you go ____ Oxford Street every Sunday? Please bring some Clark shoes ____ me!
3. How sad she is! We are really sorry ____ her.
4. Good news! Your father has a present ____ your birthday. （ present /’prezənt/ 礼物，同gift /gift/）
5. Do you work ____ Mr. Smith? Is he kind ____ you?
1. - Do you have lamb ____ lunch? – No, I have it ____ dinner.
2. Do you go ____ Oxford Street every Sunday? Please bring some Clark shoes ____ me!
3. How sad she is! We are really sorry ____ her.
4. Good news! Your father has a present ____ your birthday. （ present /’prezənt/ 礼物，同gift /gift/）
5. Do you work ____ Mr. Smith? Is he kind ____ you?
正确答案：
1. - Do you have lamb for lunch? – No, I have it for dinner.
2. Do you go to Oxford Street every Sunday? Please bring some Clark shoes to me!
3. How sad she is! We are really sorry for her.
4. Good news! Your father has a present for your birthday.
5. Do you work for Mr. Smith? Is he kind to you?
1. - Do you have lamb for lunch? – No, I have it for dinner.
2. Do you go to Oxford Street every Sunday? Please bring some Clark shoes to me!
3. How sad she is! We are really sorry for her.
4. Good news! Your father has a present for your birthday.
5. Do you work for Mr. Smith? Is he kind to you?
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