名词的单数与复数
2019-07-26 15:26:37 0 举报AI智能生成
个人学习使用
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
只用作单数的名词
不可数名词
专有名词
只用作复数的名词
二合一复数名词
工具和仪器：glasses/spectacles/binoculars/scales/clippers/forceps/pincers/tongs/tweezers/scissors/shears
服装：jeans/trousers/shorts/trunks/briefs/pants/slacks/pajamas
单形复义名词
people
person的复数形式，用作民族、部族，a people/peoples
cattle
牛群
police
警察部门、警方，个别的具体的，常用a police officer/a policeman/policewoman
poultry
家禽
livestock
农场里饲养的牲畜
the + 形容词，表示一类人的复数名词，the rich are
复数专有名词
the Alps阿尔卑斯山脉
The Himalayas are the roof of the world.喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊
The Great Lakes are a series of five lakes between the USA and Canada.五大湖是位于美国和加拿大之间的五个湖
The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River.尼亚加拉瀑布是位于尼亚加拉河上的一个瀑布群
规则的复数名词
一般在词尾加-s
以-s/-x/-ch/-sh结尾加-es
classes/boxes/matches/bushes（若以ch结尾发k的音，加s，stomach/stomachs
以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加es；以元音字母结尾的名词，加s
countries/families/babies/ladies
boys/guys/donkeys/monkeys/keys
以o结尾的名词
加es
tomatoes/heroes/Nergoes/vetoes
加s
辅单+o: dynamos /kilos /kimonos /memos /pianos /photos /sopranos / solos / tobaccos
元音+o: bamboos / cuckoos /radios / studios /zoos
加s/es均可
memento(e)s/ motto(e)s / volcano(e)s / manifesto(e)s
有关以f或fe结尾的名词
变f,fe为v，加es
calf/calves、half/halves、knife/knives、leaf/leaves、life/lives、loaf/loaves、self/selves、sheaf/sheaves、shelf/shelves、thief/thieves、wife/whives、wolf/wolves
加s
beliefs/ chiefs/ cliffs/proofs/reefs/roofs/safes
加s或变f,fe为v加es均可
dwarf/dwarfs/dwarves
dwarf/dwarfs/dwarves、handkerchief/handkerchiefs/handkerchieves、hoof/hoofs/hooves、scarf/scarfs/scarvs、wharf/wharfs/wharves
beef/beefs/beeves
不规则的复数名词
以a结尾的拉丁语名词，词尾变为ae/as
alga/algae、alumna/alumnae、antenna/antennae/antennas、formula/formulae/formulas、larva/larvae/larvas
以ex或ix结尾，词尾直接加es，或把ex/ix变成ices
apex/apexes/apices、appendix/appendixes/appendices、index/indexes/indices
以is结尾的名词变is为es
analysis/analyses、basis/bases、crisis/crises、diagnosis/diagnoses、thesis/theses
以on或un结尾的名词，变on或um为a，有的在结尾加s
bacterium/bacteria、criterion/criteria/criterions、medium/media/mediums、erratum/errata、phenomenon/phenomena
变oo为ee
foot/feet、tooth/teeth、goose/geese
变ouse为ice
mouse/mice、louse/lice
以us结尾，变us为i，有的可直接加es
alumnus/alumni、bacillus/bacilli、cactus/cacti/cactuses、fungus/fungi/funguses、genius/genii/geniuses、nucleus/nuclei/nucleuses、stimulus/stimuli
复合名词变复数
man/woman+名词构成复合名词
以man/woman/child结尾的复合名词
名词+介词或介词短语构成的复合名词
comrade-in-arms/comrades-in-arms、passer-by/passers-by、runner-up/runners-up、looker-on/lookers-on、mother-in-law/mothers-in-law、editor-in-chief/editors-in-chief、bride-to-be/brides-to-be
动词短语演变成的复旦复合名词
forget-me-nots/go-betweens/grown-ups/take-offs/assistant directors/babysisters/breakdowns/close-ups/takeovers/sit-ins/stand-bys
名词+形容词构成的复合名词
notarys public / secretarys general/ Attorneys General/consuls general
单复数同形的名词
动物名称
永远用作零复数
sheep/deer
通常用作零复数
bison/grouse/quail/salmon/cod
零复数和规则复数均可
antelope/reindeer/fish/flounder/herring/shrimp
国籍名称
Lebanese/Portuguese/Vietnamese
有新词义的复数名词
arms军队：arms control/the arms race/take up arms/troops bearing arms/ appeal to arms
customs海关：pay customs duty/go through customs at the airport
damages赔偿金
letters文学
minutes会议记录
spirits烈酒
premises房屋、营业场所
securities证券
lines台词
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