一张图搞定基础语法
2020-03-23 13:35:35 0 举报
AI智能生成
最近针对脑袋里如乱麻般的英语知识,试图用一张脑图说明一切,可能有不全的地方,欢迎指正
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
词
动词
动词分类
(助)实
Vt:可直接构成宾语,动宾
Vi:加介词构成宾语,介宾
Be
系:am,is,are……
系+表
Vt:直接构成SVP
Vi:加prep构成SVP
助:do does did have has had
情助:can may shall have to would rather had better must need dare ought to……
动词6种形态
谓动
do does did
非谓动
to do 不确定
doing 确定
done
Vi 完成
Vt 完成或被动
语
宾语
+5大基本句型
+6种宾从形式
+5大基本句型
+6种宾从形式
实
Vi
S+V 句型1
常见不及come go rain snow cry smile look stop wait……
S+V+介词+O 句型2
宾从1(O为句子时) I think of that……
Vt
Vt1
S+V+O 句型2
宾从2 I think that……
S+V+O+OC 句型3
宾从3 I think that we learn English well important
Vt2
S+V+O1+S+V+O2 句型4
宾从4+宾从5 I'll give whoever comes first whatever he wants
S+V+IO+DO 句型4
助:系+表
Vi
S+V+P 句型5
You are a jerk
S+V+介词+P
I am interested in it
Vt
S+V+P+O
宾从6 I'm afraid that you are wrong
被动语态
宾语提前为被动、Vi和系动词不可做宾语故无被动
The sun rises from the east
You look beautiful
被动即完整
The drom was cleaned(by us省略)
We cleaned the drom
It做形式主语
It is said that……整件事是被说的,主从经典结构
双宾只有DO可被动
A joke was told to me √
I was told a joke ×
无被动的v
have\cost\fitbreak out\take place\come ture\consist of\happen to\take part in
句
句子成分
概念
主
n pron 名词性短语充当
谓
由v adj充当,表主语怎么样或是什么
Be动词一般在谓语位置,称为系动词
宾
n pron adj充当;表示谓语怎么样或是什么
定
adv 形短 介短 现分 过分 不定式,限定修饰主体
状
v adj之前
事发前:原因、条件
事发中:时间、地点、方式、伴随、比较、程度、让步
事发后:目的、结果
特说:让步状语
一般出现even if though although
反映出落差。如:他很丑但有很多女朋友
补
v adv adj充当,谓后,补充说明谓语
表
系动词之后,可为从句
一句话弄懂句子成分
漂亮的+谁+在什么时候+做了+什么事+成功了
定+主+状+谓+宾+补
口诀
定位,补丁,介壮不?妆前得补什么表?
定位:定语必居主语前,谓前为状谓后补
补丁:补语从后说前谓,定语才和后宾配
介壮不:介宾短语多状补,不能充当宾主谓
妆前得补什么:状语前置目时地,的定地状得补。什么谁称主,做是怎样才称谓,宾语动支配,回答谓语什么谁
表:表在系后说主态。主系表,不要忽略,什么叫主系表,就是不表达具体动作,表达一种状态
You are a jerk
句子种类
复合句
(从句)
从句说谁就是什么从句
(从句)
从句说谁就是什么从句
主句完整
状从:修v
定从:修n
同从
完整
主句完整
抽象
主句中有抽象名词。fact promise news problem idea tought wish……
等同
从句=抽象名词 eg:We all know the fact you are a jerk
主句不完整
主从
引导词开头,主从句之间无逗号(有逗号可能是状从)
开头有it(it做形主,为了避免头重脚轻):引导词位于两个动词之间
It is a pity that he did't come
开头没it:引导词则在句子开头
that(陈述句)
That you did't go to the talk was a pity
whether(疑问句,不能用if,if不能用于句子开头)
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen
wh-(特殊疑问句)
What he says is not imporant
宾从
Vt1
介
Vt2+IO
it做形宾
表从
系+表(不表具体动作)
通常形式:The fact/trouble is that……
并列句
表并列
and\or\both and\as well as\either or\neither nor\not only but also
表转折
but\yet\still
表因果
for\so\therefore
特殊句
感叹
what+名短+(主谓)
what a good boy(he is)!
how
+v
How good(the boy is)!
+adj
How fast he runs!
+adv
How runs fast!
强调
It+is/was+被强调部分+that/who(人)/whom(人、宾)+其他
It was he that told me a joke in the drom yesterday
倒装
全部
方位+介词-提前
The boy sits under the tree
Under the tree sits the boy
方位+副词-提前
The bus comes here
Here comes the bus
特殊:如果主语是人称代词,不倒装
Under the tree he sits
部分(多用于否定)
否定介词提前
I will by no means forget him
By no means will I forget him
否定副词提前
I will never forget him
Never will I forget him
否定句
肯定
I have finished my homework already
否定/疑问
I haven't finished my homework yet
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