英语语法
2024-02-17 09:54:49 0 举报AI智能生成
初中英语语法
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
时态和语态
情态动词
概念：表达自己感情态度的动词
不能单独充当谓语
谓语：情态动词+实义动词/系动词原型
情态动词往往没有人称和数的变化
我们必须好好学习
We must study hard.
We must study hard.
他必须好好学习
He must study hard.
He must study hard.
例外：have to 不得不，强迫意味强
有人称和数的变化
We have to study hard.
He has to study hard.
can, could
1. 表能力: 能，会
Jack can play the piano.
I could swin when I was seven years old.
2. 表推测：常用于否定句中，表示不可能can't
那不可能是你的书
It's can't your book
3. 表请求/允许：常用于口语中，翻译为‘可以’
我能试试吗？
Can I have a try？
may
1. 表推测：用于肯定句中，可能/也许
他明天可能会来。
He may come tomorrow.
He may come tomorrow.
2. 表请求/许可：常用于疑问句中，翻译为‘可以’
我能借一下你的书吗？
May I borrow your book？
May I borrow your book？
may用于第一人称的一般疑问句时，否定回答要用must't/can't, 不用may not 表示禁止，不可以
May I go now?
No, you mustn't/can't
3. 表祝愿
祝你成功
May you succeed
May you succeed
must
1. 必须，应该
你今晚必须完成你的作业
You must finish your homework tonight.
You must finish your homework tonight.
2. 表推测：“一定，肯定”，长用于肯定句中
那一定是Mary
It must be Mary
It must be Mary
3. 必须不/禁止 must't
这里禁止停车
You mustn't park here.
You mustn't park here.
正因为must't翻译为禁止。所以must的否定回答一般用needn't或don't have to
我需要今晚写完作业吗？
Must I finish my homework tonight?
Must I finish my homework tonight?
No, you mustn't
不，你禁止写完。
不，你禁止写完。
No, you needn't
不，你不是必须写完
不，你不是必须写完
need
情态动词
+动词原型 need do sth
常用用否定句/疑问句
我需要现在交作业吗？
Need I hand in my homework now?
Need I hand in my homework now?
实义动词
need to do th 需要做...
我需要写作业了
I need to do my homework
I need to do my homework
被动形式，需要被做 need doing = need to be done
这个机器需要被修理
This machine need to be repaired
This machine need repairing
This machine need to be repaired
This machine need repairing
你不必这么早来学校
You needn't come to school so early
You needn't come to school so early
should
应该
我们应该保护环境
We should protect the environment
We should protect the environment
will
将要，用于一般将来时
wil do sth
She will go to park tomorrow.
would
will的过去时
Would you like to do sth
易混点
1. can 和 be able to
表能力，用法相近
can只有原型can和过去式could，其他时态用be able to
一般现在时
He can't speak english
He can't speak english
一般过去时
Jim could speak english at five years old
Jim could speak english at five years old
一般将来时
We'll be able to see him next week
We'll be able to see him next week
现在完成时
He has be able to drive
He has be able to drive
2. can 和 may
can和may均可用来征求意见，翻译为“可以”
可以互换使用
Can I help you?/May I help you?
can和may表示可能性时的区别
在肯定句用might，may，must不用can
She may be in the classroom.
在疑问句中表示推测用can，不用might，may，must
Where can they be now?
他们现在可能在哪儿？
他们现在可能在哪儿？
在否定句中，用can't表示不可能
They can't be true.
那不可能是真的
那不可能是真的
3. may be和maybe
may be
may为情态动词，be为动词原型，在句中作谓语
He may be wrong, but I'm not sure.
maybe
副词，大概，也许。相当于perhaps。在句首，作状语
Maybe he is wrong, but I'm not sure.
子主题
4. can't和must't
can't
不会
I can't speek english
不能
We can't do now because it's too dark
否定句中表示推测，不可能
The man can't be our teacher because he is too yang.
must't
表示禁止，语气强烈
You must't play football in the street because too dangerous.
5. must和have to
must 强调个人意志和主观上的必要
I know I must study hard
have to客观上的必要
My brother is ill, I had to call doctor at night.
6. Would Should Could Might
不仅表过去，也表更加委婉的语气
Would you please open the door?
Could you please close the window
used to do/be used to doing/be used to do
used to do/过去常常做
She used to swin in the river.
子主题
be used to doing/习惯做
He was used to eating in the restaurant.
be used to do/被使用去做
A knife can be used to cut thinks
被动语态
主动语态：动作的发出者做主语
动作的发出者 + 动词 + 动作的接收者
主动语态：动作的接收者做主语
动作的接收者 + 动词被动形式 + 动作的发出者
基本结构
be + 动词过去分词
假设条件和制约因素分析
制约因素：已确定，客观存在
假设条件：不确定，经验推段
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