语法思维导图模板_ProcessOn思维导图、流程图

定语从句

概念

修饰或限定名词或代词的句子

先行词

关系词

关系代词、关系副词

关系代词

who

whom

that

which

whose

who和that用法辨析

用who不用that

在非限定性定语从句中

用that不用who

主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句

which和that用法辨析

用which不用that

在非限定性定语从句中

介词后用which

用that不用which

先行词是all、little、few、everything、nothing等不定代词时

先行词有the only、the same、the very修饰时

先行词既有人还有物时

先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时

关系副词

when

where

why

当先行词是表示模糊地点或抽象地点的名词时，如condition、point、activity、case、situation等，关系词在定语从句中充当状语时用where

介词+关系代词(which/whom)

关系副词与关系代词的关系

when=in/at/on/during+which

where=in/at/on+which

why=for+which

介词的确定

根据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配

Can you lend me the book about which you talked the other day.（还原法：you talked about the book）

The engineer with whom my father works is about 50 years old.（还原法：my father works with the engineer）

根据句子所表示的意思

The pen with which he is writing is mine.

Li Ming,with whom I went to the concert enjoyed it very much.

as引导定语从句

as在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语，即可指人也可以指物

the same……as……

I bought the same book as you borrowed.

such……as……

They had such a fierce dog as I had never seen.

名词性从句

连接词

从属连词

that、whether、if，不充当任何成分，that无意义，whether、if意为“是否”

表示“是否”，用whether不用if的情况

在主语从句中

在表语从句中

在同位语从句中

位于介词后面的宾语从句

I'm thinking about whether I should quit my job.

位于discuss后引导的宾语从句

紧跟to do不定式时

He has not decided whether to go or stay.

后面有or not

连接代词

what、whatever、who、whoever、whom、whose、which、whichever，在句子中充当特定的成分，且有具体的含义

连接副词

when、whenever、where、wherever、why、how、however，在句子中充当状语，且有具体的含义

第四类连接词because、as if、as though

It looks as if it is going to rain.

主语从句

(What the kid wanted) was only a schoolbag.

It is said (that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out his experiment).“it”在句子中为形式主语

(Whether you can succeed )depends on your efferts.

宾语从句

动词+宾语从句

I can't see (why he bought such an expensive car).

介词+宾语从句

Can you figure out (what the poet really means in this poem).

形容词+宾语从句（sure、certain、satisfied、sorry等）

I'm sure (that they'll pass the exam).

宾语从句的变形

I think that we take plenty water every day necessary.→I think it necessary that we take plenty water every day.

I have made that I keep diaries a rule.→I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

当动词有find、feel、think、consider、make、believe、guess、suppose、assume等后有宾语补足语时，引入it作形式宾语

表疑问的宾语从句需要用陈述句语序

They couldn't understand why I refused.

I want to know what's the matter/what's wrong with you.

I don't know what time the movie starts.

表语从句

The reason for your mistake is (that you lack confidence).

The question is( how we can improve our reading skills in such a short time).

同位语从句

对某一名词进一步解释说明的从句，常用先行词有：belief、doubt、problem、idea、hope、reply、opinion、possibility、report、thought、wish、suggestion、truth、fact、advice、question、promise、warning、news、word等

定语从句VS同位语从句

The news (that we heard on the radio )was not true.“that”是关系代词，既指代先行词又在从句中充当成分

The news (that our football team won the match) was encouraging.“that”只起连接作用，无意义，且不充当成分

状语从句

时间状语从句

when、where、as

When I lived there,I used to go to the park on sunday.

Please don't talk so loud while others are working.

She hurried home,looking behind as she went.（as引导时间状语从句，译为“一边…一边…”）

till/until

till/until在肯定句中，表示“直到……为止”

You may stay here till/until the rain stops.

not…until…表示“直到……才”

He won't go to bed until she returns.

强调句型：It be not until+被强调部分+that…

It is not until you told me that I had any idea of it.

since “自……以来”

主句-完成时（现在完成时/现在完成进行时），从句-一般过去时

若since从句的谓语动词为短动词（非延续性动词），则正常翻译

He has studied very hard since he came to our school.

若since从句的谓语动词为长动词（延续性动词）或be动词，则表示“自这个动作结束”

I haven't heard any noise since I slept.“自从我醒来还没听到任何声音”

固定句型-“自从……已经多长时间了”

It is/has been+一段时间+since从句（从句用一般过去时）

It is/has been three years since John was a teacher.（自从John不当老师已经三年了）

It was/had been+一段时间+since从句（从句用过去完成时）

It was/had been ten years since he had left Beijing.

before

多长时间之后才……

It will be+一段时间+before…（从句用一般现在时）

It will be half a year before I come back.

It was+一段时间+before…（从句用一般过去时）

It was three days before he came back.

由time组成的短语

by the time “在……的时候”

主句-过去完成时，从句-一般过去时

He had left by the time we reached home.

主句-将来完成时，从句-一般现在时

I will have finished my homework by the time my father comes back.

each time/any time “每一次”

Each time I was in trouble,he would come to help me.

next time/at last time/the first time

Next time you go there,please tell me.

在所有时间状语从句中，都用一般现在时表示将来

一……就……

as soon as、the moment、the instant、immediately、directly、instantly、no sooner…than…、hardly/scarcely…when…

时态：than/when后的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时

We had no sooner arrived the station than the train left.

His sister had scarcely heard the terrible news when she burst into tear.

若把no sooner、hardly/scarcely提前到句首，则主句用半倒装（把be动词、情态动词、助动词提到主语之前）

No sooner had we arrived the station than the train left.

Scarcely had his sister heard the terrible news when she burst into tear.

条件状语从句

引导词

if、unless（如果不，除非，否则）、so/as long as（只要）、in case（万一）、on condition that（条件是）、supposing that（假设，如果）、provid-ed/providing that（如果）

The meeting will be put off if it rains tomorrow.

You'll fail the exam unless you study hard.

让步状语从句

although/though/as（尽管），倒装-although不用倒，though可倒可不倒，as必须倒（将从句中的表语、状语等置于句首）

Although he is smart,he doesn't work hard.

Smart though he is,he doesn't work hard.

Smart as he is,he doesn't work hard.

Much as I like English teacher,I don't like English.

while“尽管”

While I admit that there are problems,I don't agree that they cannot be solved.

wh-ever类词（whatever、whoever、whomever、whenever……）

Whenever/No matter when I'm unhappy ,it is my friend who cheers me up.

wh-ever类词既可引导名词性从句也可引导让步状语从句，而no matter+wh-只能引导让步状语从句

地点状语从句

where、wherever

They were warmly welcomed wherever they went,

原因状语从句

because/for、as、since（既然）、now that（既然）、in that（由于某种原因）

This experiment is worth trusting in that it is based on scientific facts.

目的状语从句

so that/in order that（目的是）、for fear that（担心某事发生）、in case（以防发生某事）

Take your raincoat in case it should rain/it rains.

结果状语从句

so/such…that…“如此……以至于……”，so/such置于句首时，主语用半倒装

He drove so carelessly that he was nearly killed.

So carelessly did he drive that he was nearly killed.

虚拟语气

if条件句的虚拟

三种情况

与现在事实相反

if条件句的谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were），主句的谓语动词用should/could/might/would+动词原形

Sorry,I'm busy now,If I had time ,I would certainly go out with you.

与过去事实相反

if条件句的谓语动词用had done，主句的谓语动词用should/could/might/would+have done

-Do you think George has passed the driving test?
-No,if so,he would have driven his car to our college yestoday.

与将来事实相反

if条件句的谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形，主句的谓语动词用should/could/might/would+动词原形

If the sun should rise in the west,I would lend you the money.

如果一件事发生的概率非常小或几乎不可能发生，那么就用“表示对将来的虚拟”

if虚拟条件句的省略

如果是条件句中含有were、should、had，可将if省略，把were、should、had移到主语之前

If I were you,I would forgive Mary.→Were I you ,I would forgive Mary.

If you had taken my advice,you wouldn't have failed in the exam.→Had you taken my advice,you would't have failed in the exam.

“含蓄条件句”的虚拟

某些介词或介词短语隐含条件之意

without（要不是）、but for（要不是）、were it not for（要是没有）、in the absence of（如果没有)、but that（若不是）、otherwise/or（否则）

But for their help,we could not have finished the work on time.

Without electricity,there would not be modern industry.

if条件句中的混合虚拟

主语谓语动作与从句谓语动作在时间上不一致

If you had taken my advice,you wouldn't be in trouble now.（从句过去，主句将来）

If we were to have an exam this afternoon,I would go shopping now.（主句将来，从句现在）

虚拟从句在主语从句中的应用

It be+adj.+that从句（从句用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”）,常用的形容词有important、necessary、essential、strange、surprising等

It is necessary that you (should）seize every possible chances.

It be+n.+that从句（从句用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”），常用的名词有pity、surprise、shame、wonder等

It was a pity that he （should）fail the exam.

It be+过去分词+that从句（从句用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”），常用的过去分词有suggested、required、ordered、proposed等

It is suggested that parents (should) spend more time with their children.

虚拟从句在宾语从句中的应用

wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气

主句表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句中谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）

I wish it were spring in my hometown all year round.

主句表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句中谓语动词用had done

主句表示与将来事实相反的愿望，从句中谓语动词用would/could+动词原形

"I wish you would help me to put these things away"he said.

would rather（宁愿，希望）后的宾语从句用虚拟语气

主句表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望，从句中谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）

Don't always make noise,I'd rather you kept silent.

主句表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句中谓语动词用had done

He'd rather his father had been at his party last night.

表示“建议、命令、要求”等动词的宾语从句用虚拟语气

从句中用虚拟语气：（should）+动词原形

一、二、四、四

一坚持

insist（insistence）

二命令

order、command

四建议

suggest（suggestion）、advise（advice）、recommend（-ation）、propose（proposal）

四要求

demand、require（requirement）、request、desire

example

I suggest that you should have enough sleep.

He gave me a suggestion that I should work hard.

The evidence suggested that the man was a murder.

在这里“suggest”意为“表明，显示”，非“建议”的意思，所以不用虚拟，类似的情况还有insist（坚持说）和recommend（推荐）

as if/as though后的从句用虚拟语气

与现在事实相反，从句中谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）

He treats me as if I were a stranger.

与过去事实相反，从句中谓语动词用had done

I'v been working all day,but I feel as if I had achieved nothing.

与将来事实相反，从句中谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形

当as if/as though前用的是感官性动词时，一般不用虚拟

It looks as if is going to rain.

It seems as if the boy has lost his way.

其他

in case/for fear that/lest 以防，免得……

引导目的状语从句，后用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形

Take your raincoat in case it should rain/rains.（不用虚拟时表示发生的几率大）

It is（high/about）time that……到了该做某事的时间了

that从句中谓语动词用一般过去时/should+动词原形

Jack is a great talker,it's high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.

if only…… 要是……就好了

与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）

If only I had a car,I could have a self-driving tour.

与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had done

与将来将来相反，谓语动词用would+动词原形

表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图

我本来打算给你打电话，但我忘了你的电话号码

I meant to have phoned you,but I fogot you phone number.--I meant to have phoned you,but I fogot you phone number.

had meant to do=meant to have done 本打算做某事

我本想好好学习的，但是我的朋友来了

I had wanted to study hard,but my friend came.--I wanted to have stuied,but my friend came.

had wanted to do=wanted to have done 本打算做某事

相似用法的词：hope、want、plan、mean、intend、expect等

反义疑问句

构成

陈述部分+附加疑问部分(他是一名老师，不是吗？),前肯后否，前否后肯

情态动词、助动词、be动词中的反义疑问句

-He can swim,can't he? -Yes,he can/No,he can't.

-He didn't like math,did he? -Yes,he did.(不，他喜欢数学)/No,he didn't.（是的，他不喜欢数学）

I'm late,am I not?/aren't I?

He has never been to there,has he?

注意否定词的情况：little、few、seldom、rarely、hardly、never、not、no、none、nothing、neither、nor…

I wish to visit America,may I?

陈述部分用“I wish……”，疑问部分则用“may I？”

实意动词中的反义疑问句

He likes you,doesn't he?

He seldom gives his wife a present,does he?

Few people know him,do they?

Some broke the glass,didn't he/they?

主语是指人的合成词时（someone、somebody、anyone、no one…），疑问部分的主语用he或they

Everything is arranged perfectly,isn't it?

主语是指物的合成词（something、everything…）、this、that、动名词、to do不定式、主语从句时，疑问部分的主语用it

What you said is wrong,isn't it?

祈使句中的反义疑问句

Let us do excercise together,wil you?

在肯定句中，疑问部分可用will you/won't you/would you？三种

Don't move the CD,will you?

在否定句中，疑问部分只能用will you？

Let's go shopping,shall we?

例外情况：如果陈述部分用的是Let's…,则疑问部分只能用shall we？

主从复合句中的反义疑问句

当主句主语不是第一人称时，根据主句写

They don't believe she is a nurse,do they?

当主句主语是第一人称，且谓语动词是think、believe、suppose、suspect等时，根据从句写

I think he is a murder,isn't he?

I don't think he is a murder,is he?（否定转移：把主句的not转移到从句中）

强调句

It is/was+被强调部分+that/who……

所强调的通常是主语、宾语、表语、状语，被强调部分是人时可用that/who，是物时只能用that

倒装句

半倒装（部分倒装）

将助动词、be动词、情态动词移到主语之前

"only+状语"放在句首，用部分倒装

I have had time to read the book recently.→Only recently have I had to read the book.

He finished his homework last week.→Only last week did he finish his homework.

If I get a job,I will have enough money to get camera.→Only if I get a job,will I have have enough money to get camera.

Only a few people understand what he said.（在有状语的情况下才用部分倒装，没有状语成分就不用倒）

否定词或含有否定意义的副词置于句首时，用部分倒装

no、not、nowhere、little、few、seldom、never、barely、

Little did they realize that they had made an important discover in science.

in no way、by no means、in no case、on no account、on no condition（绝不）、at no time（任何时候都不）、in/under no circumstances（在任何情况都不）

hardly/scarcely…when…、no sooner…than…（一……就……）、not until……（直到……才）、not only…but also…

I can not only sing,but also dance--Not only can I sing,but also dance.

so/neither+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语

表示前面所说的情况同样也适用于后一句主语

Tom works hard,and so does Mary.

I'm not a student,neither is he.

so/neither+主语+be动词/情态动词/助动词，表示同意前面所说的话，可译为“的确如此”

-You look happy.-So I am.

-They wil win the competition.-So they will.

完全倒装

将整个谓语部分移到主语之前

in、out、up、down、away、off、back、there、here、now、then等副词放在句首作状语，谓语动词是表示移动的含义，如come、go、arrive、run、jump等，且主语是名词，句子要完全倒装

Now comes your turn,

Away went Tom.

Away she went.（she是代词不是名词，故不用倒）

表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语动词是be、stand、sit、lie时，用全部倒装

A naughty boy lay on the groud.→On the groud lay a naughty boy.

An wrinkled man sat under the tree.→Under the tree sat an wrinkled man.

倒装句

半倒装（部分倒装）

将助动词、be动词、情态动词移到主语之前

"only+状语"放在句首，用部分倒装

I have had time to read the book recently.→Only recently have I had to read the book.

He finished his homework last week.→Only last week did he finish his homework.

If I get a job,I will have enough money to get camera.→Only if I get a job,will I have have enough money to get camera.

Only a few people understand what he said.（在有状语的情况下才用部分倒装，没有状语成分就不用倒）

否定词或含有否定意义的副词置于句首时，用部分倒装

no、not、nowhere、little、few、seldom、never、barely、

Little did they realize that they had made an important discover in science.

in no way、by no means、in no case、on no account、on no condition（绝不）、at no time（任何时候都不）、in/under no circumstances（在任何情况都不）

hardly/scarcely…when…、no sooner…than…（一……就……）、not until……（直到……才）、not only…but also…

I can not only sing,but also dance--Not only can I sing,but also dance.

so/neither+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语

表示前面所说的情况同样也适用于后一句主语

Tom works hard,and so does Mary.

I'm not a student,neither is he.

so/neither+主语+be动词/情态动词/助动词，表示同意前面所说的话，可译为“的确如此”

-You look happy.-So I am.

-They wil win the competition.-So they will.

完全倒装

将整个谓语部分移到主语之前

in、out、up、down、away、off、back、there、here、now、then等副词放在句首作状语，谓语动词是表示移动的含义，如come、go、arrive、run、jump等，且主语是名词，句子要完全倒装

Now comes your turn,

Away went Tom.

Away she went.（she是代词不是名词，故不用倒）

表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语动词是be、stand、sit、lie时，用全部倒装

A naughty boy lay on the groud.→On the groud lay a naughty boy.

An wrinkled man sat under the tree.→Under the tree sat an wrinkled man.

句子成分

主干

主语

谓语

表语

位于系动词后

系动词

be动词（am、is、are、was、were）

似乎（seem、appear）

保持（keep、remain、stay）

变成（become、turn、get、grow）

感官性系动词（look、sound、taste、smell、feel）

宾语

直接宾语

表示动作的承受者，一般是物

间接宾语

表示动作是为谁或对谁做的，一般是人

补语

宾语补足语-对有些及物动词后的宾语进行补充说明，去掉后无法表达核心意思

She asked me to lend her a hand.

修饰

定语

修饰或限定名词或代词的成分，翻译为“……的”如果去掉句子仍成立，核心意思不变

a beautiful girl

状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句话，表示时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、让步、伴随等

he sit there，staring at the beautiful girl.

同位语

对句子中某一名词或词组进一步解释说明，与前面的名词或词组在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分

the news that he will come is ture.

句子种类

简单句

基本结构

主+系+表

主+谓

主+谓+宾

主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语

主+谓+宾+宾补

简单句变疑问句

be动词提前，若没有be动词，则用助动词或情态动词

祈使句

表示请求或命令的句子，谓+宾

感叹句

基本形式

what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主+谓

what a clever boy he is！

what+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主+谓

how+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主+谓

how clever a boy he is！

how+形容词/副词+主+谓

how clever he is！

how+主+谓

并列句

并列

and/not only…but also…

转折

but/yet/not…but…

因果

so/for

选择

or/either…or…/neither…nor…

when

be doing……when……（某人正在做这时突然……）

be about to do……when……（正要做某事这时突然……）

had just done……when……（刚刚做完某事这时突然……）

while

“而”，表示对比

动词时态

1.一般现在时

do/does

2.一般过去时

did

3.一般将来时

will/shall do

4.现在进行时

am/is/are doing

5.过去进行时

was/were doing

6.将来进行时

will/shall be doing

7.现在完成时

have/has done

8.过去完成时

had done

9.将来完成时

will/shall have done

10.现在完成进行时

have/has been doing

11.过去完成进行时

had been doing

12.将来完成进行时

will/shall have been doing

13.过去将来时

would do

句子语态

表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，主动语态和被动语态（be done）

主动形式表被动语态

want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+to be done（表示某事需要被做）

sth be worth doing（某事值得被做）

感官性系动词主语是物时

the food looks delicious.

一些不及物动词表示主语本身所具有的性能时，如close、shut、read、write、wash、wear、sell等

the cloth of this dress wears comfortably.

非谓语

作状语

to do不定式

作目的状语

To catch the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance.

作结果状语

表示出人意料的结果.We hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.

作原因状语

放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因.She was superised to see Tom came in.

doing

作原因状语

表示自然而然的结果.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.

表示与句子主语呈主动关系

Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.

doing→having done

表示与句子主语呈主动关系，且动作发生在谓语动词之前

Having read the book three times,I find out the truth.

done

表示与句子主语呈被动关系

Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks more beautiful.

done→having been done

表示与句子主语呈被动关系，且动作发生在谓语动词之前

Having been read many times,the complicated stories seem much easier.

作主语

to do

表示具体某一动作或将来的动作

To visit China is my next goal.

doing

表示一般的，抽象的，泛指的概念

Smoking is prohibited here.

with复合结构

with+名词/代词+非谓语

to do（表示动作未完成）

doing（表示动作与名词/代词之间呈主动关系）

done（表示动作与名词/代词之间呈被动关系）

独立主格

名词/代词+非谓语

to do（表示动作未完成）

doing（表示动作与名词/代词之间呈主动关系）

done（表示动作与名词/代词之间呈被动关系）

被动形式表主动意义

be engaged in/be located in/be seated with/be exposed to……

情态动词

有一定的词义

不能单独作谓语，要和动词原形一起构成谓语

在形式上，情态动词没有人称和数的变化

情态动词的否定式：在后面直接加not

常见有can、could、may、might、must、will、would、shall、should、ought to、dare、need、had better、have to等

can（could）

表示能力，翻译为“会，能”

表示客观的可能性，翻译为“可能会”，多用于肯定句中

Anyone can make mistake.

表示“允许”“许可”，一般用于疑问句中，在此could不表示can的过去式，could比can语气更委婉

-Could I try those shoes? -Yes,you can./No,I'm afraid not.

may（might）

表示允许、许可，might比may的语气更委婉

-May I have a few words with your manager? -Yes,you may/can.//No,you can't.

“may+主语+动词原形”表示祝愿

May all your dreams come true!

must和have to

must表示必须、一定要，have to表示被迫、不得不

must与have to的区别

must强调说话者的主观意愿，have to强调客观上的必要性

must/can/could/may/might

表推测，其可能性有大到小的顺序

表示对正在发生的事情的推测“情态动词+be doing”

表示对过去发生的事情的推测“情态动词+be done”

“情态动词+have done”表示虚拟

should/ought to have done“本应该做某事而实际上未做”

needn't have done“本没有必要做某事而实际上做了”

might have done“本可以去做某事而实际上未做”

could have done“本能够做某事而实际上未做”

would rather have done“宁愿当时做了某事”

will（would）

表示征求对方意见，一般用在疑问句中，would比will语气更委婉

-Would you join us for a drink? -Certainly I will/No,I won't.

表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等，意为“经常、惯于、总是”

Oil will float on water.

表示“意愿”

would的用法

would like（sb）to do…“想要（某人）做某事”

would rather do A than do B/would do A rather than do B“宁愿做A也不愿意做B”

shall

表示征求对方的意见或请求，用于第一、三人称的疑问句中

Shall we begin our class?

表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁等，用于二、三人称的肯定句中

You shall do it,whether you want to or not.

主谓一致

主语是不可数名词、动名词、to do不定式、从句时，谓语动词用单数

不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数（something/one/the other/nothing…）

特殊

all表示“所有人”时谓语动词用复数，表示 “所有事物”时谓语动词用单数

当each位于主语之前时，谓语动词用单数.Each student has passed the exam.

以-s结尾的词表示衣物或工具时，谓语动词用复数（glasses/trousers/pants/chopsticks/scissors/stockings）;news、politics、physics等学科名以及国家名、组织名等专有名词，谓语动词用单数

集合名词

people、cattle、police等作主语时谓语动词用单数

equipment、furniture、baggage、machinery、clothing、jewellery等，谓语动词用单数

audience、army、class、team、family、group、enemy、population、government等，若作为一个整体看待谓语动词用单数，若着眼于其中的成员或个体，谓语动词用复数

主语前含有修饰词时

谓语动词形式由被修饰词决定

Some people agree with his view.

Lots of assignments have not been finished yet.

Part of his story was not ture.

Most of his time has been wasted.

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.

20% of people in this city object to this proposal.

a kind of/this kind of/many kinds of/.n+of this kind（相似用法的词还有type、sort、form ），谓语动词跟of前的词保持一致

the number of/a number of

the number of …的数量，谓语动词用单数

a number of 许多，谓语动词用复数

意义一致

当主语是用and连接的表示同一人、同一事、同一概念时，谓语动词用单数

Time and tide waits no man.时光不等人

表示时间、距离、长度、价值、重量等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数

Twenty years is a long time.

the+形容词

表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数（the old、the rich…）

表示一类物时，谓语动词用单数（the news、the beautiful…）

就近原则

…or…、either…or…、neither…nor…、not only…but also…、not…but…

就前原则

with、together with、along with、as well as、like、such as、rather than、in addition to、besides、except

besides 与except的区别