语法长难句
2021-11-02 21:19:07 32 举报AI智能生成
英语语法长难句
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
简单句
一、英汉句法结构的差异
汉语
1.可以没有主谓宾；
2.主谓宾顺序可以乱放；
3.汉语可以没有语法。
2.主谓宾顺序可以乱放；
3.汉语可以没有语法。
英语
1.必须要具备主谓：
2.主谓宾的位置相对固定；
3.英语大多遵循严格的语法。
2.主谓宾的位置相对固定；
3.英语大多遵循严格的语法。
二、何为主谓宾
主语：动作的发出者
谓语：动词
宾语：动作的承受者
三、英语句子的基本结构
1.主谓 eg：The elephant died.
2.主谓宾 谓语是实义动词（能够表达动作的词）
3.主谓表 谓语是系动词，系动词分为六类
1.表状态：be动词（连接主语和表语，无意义，用于构成句子）
2.表感官：look , sound , taste , smell , feel （感官动词后只能加adj.）
3.表变化：get , become , turn , grow , fall
4.表保持：keep , stay , remain , stand
5.表表象：seem , appear
6.表终止或结果：prove
2.表感官：look , sound , taste , smell , feel （感官动词后只能加adj.）
3.表变化：get , become , turn , grow , fall
4.表保持：keep , stay , remain , stand
5.表表象：seem , appear
6.表终止或结果：prove
4.主谓双宾（间接宾语+直接宾语）
直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当
间接宾语称为第二宾语，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担
间接宾语称为第二宾语，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担
teach sb. sth.
give sb. sth.
give sb. sth.
5.主谓宾宾补（宾语+补语）
宾语补足语的主要作用为补充说明宾语的特点、身份，或让宾语完成某个动作。
ask sb. to do sth.
make sb. sth.
make sb. sth.
区分双宾和宾补：在两个宾语之间或宾语和宾补之间加个系动词。如果语义通顺，就是宾补（说明有关系）；反之，则是双宾（说明没关系）。
四、句子的成分
谓语的成分
什么词充当谓语？
系动词或有时态的实义动词（词组）
一句话的谓语只能有一个，多余的动词变成非谓语动词。
系动词或有时态的实义动词（词组）
一句话的谓语只能有一个，多余的动词变成非谓语动词。
谓语只能是动词，动词只能做谓语
要把一句话中所有不做谓语的动词变成非谓语动词
Ving表主动
Ved表被动
to+V表示目的
非谓语动词在句子中充当除了谓语的所有成分
做主语：To finish the work by yourself is very hard.
做表语：Her job is to look after the babies.
做宾语：He enjoys staying with his family.
做定语：He found a good house to live in.
做状语：He worked day and night to get the money.
做同位语：His habbit,eating snack before sleeping,has not been changed.
当一句话没有动词时，永远加be动词，且be动词没有意义
主语的成分
能做主语的成分，有代词、名词（短语）、非谓语结构、从句（引导词加句子）
一句话不能没有主语，当没有主语时：
加 it 作为主语（必须与天气、温度。时间有关系） 南极很冷：Tt keeps cold in South Pole.
There be句型（当一句话没有主语，看到“有”的时候使用） there exist/seem/remain There exist a sea of private individuals having passion for me.
变主动为被动：当一句话没有听到主语或者用人称代词做主语时，都可以考虑写成被动。 政府应该采取措施：Authorities should be proposed to adopt action.
人称代词（不到万不得已，最好不要用）
宾语的成分
能做宾语的成分和主语完全一样，有代词、名词（短语）、非谓语结构、从句（引导词加句子），因为通过被动，主语可以变成宾语，宾语可以变成主语。
表语的成分
能做表语的有：从句、代词、名词（短语）、非谓语结构、形容词（短语）和介词短语。
五、动词的分类
实义动词
及物动词：后面直接加宾语
不及物动词：后面不能直接加宾语，必须加介词以后才能加宾语。
区分及物动词和不及物动词
1.根据意思
2.“动词+介词”中的动词为不及物动词
3.看单词表死记硬背：
V.既可以及物也可以不及物
Vt.及物动词
Vi.不及物动词
V.既可以及物也可以不及物
Vt.及物动词
Vi.不及物动词
连系动词
1.表状态：be动词（连接主语和表语，无意义，用于构成句子）
2.表感官：look , sound , taste , smell , feel （感官动词后只能加adj.）
3.表变化：get , become , turn , grow , fall
4.表保持：keep , stay , remain , stand
5.表表象：seem , appear
6.表终止或结果：prove
2.表感官：look , sound , taste , smell , feel （感官动词后只能加adj.）
3.表变化：get , become , turn , grow , fall
4.表保持：keep , stay , remain , stand
5.表表象：seem , appear
6.表终止或结果：prove
情态动词
含义：情态动词是本身有一定的词义、表示说话人主观态度的词
用法：情态动词不能单独出现，后面必须和实义动词/系动词一起构成谓语
分类：
情态动词的完成时表示推测
must have done:一定做过某事
needn't have done：本没必要做某事，但是做了
could have done：本能够做某事，但没有做
should have done:本应该做某事
助动词
含义：助动词就是帮助谓语动词一起构成否定、疑问、时态、语态等的词
分类及用法
六、写作
所有不会写的单词都写成自己会的单词
所有写不来的长难句都用简单句来表达
并列句
一、什么是并列句
就是在两句话之间加个连词
I love you, (but) you love that dog.
并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的句子，这个句子可以是简单句，也可以是从句。
二、并列连词及与其同义的逻辑关系词
常见的并列连词
平行关系（并且、而且）：and，not only...but also...，both...and...，either...or...，neither...nor...等。(as well as不行，是介词短语）
转折关系（然而、但是）：but，while，yet，whereas等
选择关系（或者、那么）：or，whether...or...等
因果关系（因为、所以）：for，so等
递进关系（然后，再者）：then（副词）等
与并列连词同义的逻辑关系词
平行关系：
副词：similarly，equally，likewise等
介词短语：at the same time，in the meantime等
副词：similarly，equally，likewise等
介词短语：at the same time，in the meantime等
转折关系：
副词：however，nevertheless，nonetheless，conversely，contrarily，unexpected，unfortunately等
介词短语：on the contrary，in /by contrast等
副词：however，nevertheless，nonetheless，conversely，contrarily，unexpected，unfortunately等
介词短语：on the contrary，in /by contrast等
选择关系：
副词：alternatively等
副词：alternatively等
因果关系：
副词：therefore，thus，consequently等
介词短语：as a result，as a consequence等
副词：therefore，thus，consequently等
介词短语：as a result，as a consequence等
递进关系：
副词：besides，additionally，subsequently等
介词短语：in addition等
副词：besides，additionally，subsequently等
介词短语：in addition等
例句：There seems a friend coming from afar,and consequently,i feel exceeding delighted.
I am said to be changeable like water,and on the contrary,my clarity keeps the same.
I am said to be changeable like water,and on the contrary,my clarity keeps the same.
连词和其他的逻辑关系词的区别：连词前有无逗号均可，而其他的逻辑关系词前面，要么用逗号，要么用连词and
例句：（第二章课后练兵T6）还记得那天吗？我没有通过四级考试，一个人在雨中哭泣，你走过来，拍拍我的肩膀，告诉我人生没有终点。
Do you still keep the day in mind?I failed to pass CET4.As a result,i shed tears in the rain,and at the same time,you came up to me.Then you beat my shoulders and told me"there exists no destination in life."
Do you still keep the day in mind?I failed to pass CET4.As a result,i shed tears in the rain,and at the same time,you came up to me.Then you beat my shoulders and told me"there exists no destination in life."
三、并列句的考点分析
1.写作
The man is rich.I decided to marry him.
只要写作上下句之间有逻辑关系，通常都要用逻辑关系词(连词、副词、介词、介词短语)。
2.长难句分析
I was beaten,and you.(was beaten)
只要见到有连词出现，通常都会有省略，翻译的时候先把省略的部分补充上后再翻译。
一句话只要有省略，就一定会省略在连词后，而不是连词前；所以连词后的成分连词前也有(通常：如果连词后只有一个成分，那么连词前一定能找到它的对应成分；如果连词后有多个成分，连词前不一定都能找到他们的对应成分，但是至少可以找到一个对应成分）；连词前有，连词后没有的就是省略的内容。
例：目前，这需要中央控制的各种措施，所以，这也需要（省略的内容）诸如经济学家和运筹学家等专业科学家的帮助。
例：例如，数据表明，长相较好的人，更容易得到父母的宠爱，更容易交到朋友，更容易被他人追求。
例：方法论指的究竟是一般的历史研究中特有的概念，还是适用于各个历史研究分支的研究技术，并没有一致的观点。
例：在这些问题得到解决之前，行为技术将继续遭到排斥。解决我们问题的唯一方法可能也将随之继续遭到排斥。
例：达尔文认为，对绘画或音乐失去兴趣不但使他失去了快乐，而且可能对他的智力造成损害，更可能对他的道德品质产生影响。
例：随着家人搬离他们稳定的社区、他们多年的朋友和他们的大家庭关系，这种非正式的信息流就被切断了，当需要时就能得到这些可靠的和令人信服的信息的信心，也随之一起被切断了。
名词（短语）和名词性从句
1.名词在句子中可以充当什么成分？
名词充当主语。 The book (what i read) looks terrific. 这本书看起来很精彩。
名词充当宾语。 I appreciate the man（what he did）.
名词充当表语。 He becomes a businessman (who we should learn from).
名词充当同位语（用来解释名词的成分，只能加在名词后面）。 I enjoy the part （that they stay together.）,the end.
同位语：
I love my mother，a kind housewife.
同位语：
I love my mother，a kind housewife.
2.什么是名词性从句？
名词在句子中能够充当的成分，从句都可以充当，这就是名词性从句。包括四类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
3.名词性从句的引导词
That he has got divorced is my fault.(陈述句加that)
Whether he has got divorced is obvious.(疑问句加whether，并且改疑问句为陈述句)
Who he will marry is a secret.
名词性从句的引导词是按照什么的标准分的类？是按照从句的类型分的类，一共把引导词分为三类：
that:当从句是陈述句时。并且that在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意思，只起引导作用。
whether：当从句是一般疑问句时。whether翻译成是否，但是在从句中依然不充当成分。
所有的特殊疑问词：当从句是特殊疑问句时。并且英语中所有的从句都是陈述句的形式，也就是引导词加主语加谓语的形式。
练习句子：
That ladies tend to be right proves commom knowledge.(主语从句，主系表）
I am wondering whether i should lose my weight.（宾语从句，主谓宾）
One,some day,will perceive that career,kinship and friendship prove more crucial than romance.（宾语从句）
The point seems when wealth will become available for you.(表语从句）
Why they left the hometowm for Tibet keeps a mystery.（主语从句）
4.名词性从句的考点分析
写作
主语从句在写作中的应用
主语从句的满分句型：把主语从句放在句末，用it作形式主语。
It...that...
It is apparent that...
It looks beyond dispute that...
It keeps my argument that...
练习
成功属于全力以赴的人已为无数个事实所证明。
It has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those who spare no efforts.
It has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those who spare no efforts.
显而易见关于孝敬父母的话题已经成为焦点。
It has been widely accepted that the issue sbout respecting the elderly has been brought into the limelight.
It has been widely accepted that the issue sbout respecting the elderly has been brought into the limelight.
同位语从句在写作中的应用
他已经找到女朋友这件事情让他的家人很开心。
The matter that he has found a girlfriend makes his families rejoiced.
The matter that he has found a girlfriend makes his families rejoiced.
没有什么能够掩盖他正在变老这个事实
Nothing can hide the truth that he is getting old.
Nothing can hide the truth that he is getting old.
她的丈夫去世了这个消息传遍了整个村庄
The message that her husband passed away was spread the whole village.
The message that her husband passed away was spread the whole village.
温室里的花朵不能经受风雨这个事实表明我们不应该溺爱孩子
The truth that the flower in the greenhouse fails to undergo storms demonstrates that kids should never be spoiled by their families.
The truth that the flower in the greenhouse fails to undergo storms demonstrates that kids should never be spoiled by their families.
长难句分析（能够快速的识别各个名词性从句，并能把它们快速地翻译出来）
如何识别主语从句
见到有引导词出现在句首，且和主语的谓语动词之间没有逗号，就一定是主语从句。
见到it...that也通常都是主语从句，主语从句从that开始到句末结束。
如何识别宾语从句
只要实义动词的后面有引导词，暂定都是宾语从句（状语从句也有可能）
如何识别表语从句
只要系动词的后面有引导词，通常都是表语从句。
如何识别同位语从句
只要在名词后面有引导词，就暂定为同位语从句。(还有可能是定语从句90%）
定语和定语从句
1.什么是定语
只要在文中听到“...的”+名词，“...的”就是修饰这个名词（短语）的定语成分
2.定语的成分
形容词作定语
The innocent nightingale died.
The nightingale brave and innocent died.
The nightingale brave and innocent died.
名词（短语）作定语
The singing of the nightingale can make the rose bloom.
介词短语作定语
The nightingale out of the window heard the sighs of the youngster.
非谓语动词做定语
The singing nightingale lost his life.
从句作定语
3.定语的位置
前小后大：当一个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词前；当多个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词后。
介词短语作定语：This keeps a fiction about a nightingale and a rose.
The youngster grasping romance left the party of the prince.
The boy dumped looks pitiful.（当过去分词修饰名词时，即使只有一个单词，也通常放在名词后）
I have something important to say.（当形容词修饰不定代词的时候，即使只有一个单词，也通常放在名词后）
The youngster grasping romance left the party of the prince.
The boy dumped looks pitiful.（当过去分词修饰名词时，即使只有一个单词，也通常放在名词后）
I have something important to say.（当形容词修饰不定代词的时候，即使只有一个单词，也通常放在名词后）
4.定语从句
定语从句的构成
n（先行词）+引导词+句子
定语从句的引导词
引导词按照先行词的种类分类，共分5类：
当先行词是人的时候，引导词有：who,whom,whose
当先行词是物的时候，引导词有：that,which,whose
当先行词是时间的时候，引导词有：that,which,when
当先行词是地点的时候，引导词有：that,which,where
当先行词是原因的时候，引导词有：that,which,why
引导词可以按照引导词本身的词性分类，共分3类
代词，（在从句中充当主语或者宾语的成分）：who, whom, that, which
副词，（在从句中不能充当任何主干成分）：where, when, why
形容词，（在从句中修饰离它最近的那个名词）：whose
谁决定引导词的用法
例子
1.I will never forget the day when i met you.（that是个代词，代词在句子中充当主语谓语宾语表语，本句中不缺主谓宾表，when是个副词，可以填。）
2.I will never forget the day which/that we spent.（从句we spent后面缺宾语）
3.You had better have some reason why you are late.（从句主系表都不缺，why是副词）
4.3.You had better have some reason that/which sounds perfect.（从句缺主语）
先行词，引导词在从句中能够充当的成分，共同决定了定语从句引导词的用法。
5.定语从句的特殊用法
that做引导词时的省略
当that在引导定语从句的时候，如果在从句中充当的是宾语，that可以省略。所以在分析长难句的时候，如果见到两个名词或者两个代词直接放在一起，中间没有被任何标点符号或者连词隔开，通常都是省略了that的定语从句。
I enjoy the lunch (that) my mother cooks.
区别限制和非限制性定语从句
I love liu who is beautiful.
I love liu,who is beautiful.（限制性定语从句一定要把定语翻译出来）
I love liu,who is beautiful.（限制性定语从句一定要把定语翻译出来）
非限制性定语从句在分析长难句的时候，就相当于插入语，完全可以不看。
如果定语从句的先行词和引导词之间有介词的话，人不用who只能用whom，物不用that只能用which
Gump is a man who/whom we should learn from.
Gump is a man from whom we should learn .
区别the same...as；the same...that引导的定语从句
He is the same man as i love.(他就像我爱的那个男人）
He is the same man that i love.（他就是我爱的那个男人）
which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面一整句话，as也可以。但是which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在句子后面，而as引导的非限制性定语从句可前可后。（as放在前面的情况非常少）
my husband enjoys chatting with other young ladies,which drives me mad.
As drives me mad , my husband enjoys chatting with other young ladies.
定语从句中引导词which和that的区别(书上自己看）
6.区分定语从句和同位语从句
I have a dream that sounds ridiculous.（定语从句）
I have a dream that i become a rich lady. （同位语从句）
I have a dream that i become a rich lady. （同位语从句）
定语从句和同位语从句的区别：
定语从句是对前面名词的修饰，同位语从句是对前面名词意思的解释。
看引导词that在从句中是否充当成分，如果充当成分就是定语从句，如果没有充当成分就是同位语从句。
定语从句的先行词可以是所有的名词，而同位语从句的先行词只能是抽象名词。
定语从句的引导词一有共8个，而同位语从句的引导词一般都是that
7.定语从句的至难点
如何寻找先行词
定语从句的先行词就是离它最近的名词
定语从句的先行词是它前面几个并列的名词
定语从句的先行词是它前面的一个从句
定语从句的先行词，是它前面的整个句子。
定语从句的先行词和引导词之间被一坨东西隔开了
必须读懂句子。
8.定语从句的考点分析
写作
只要在作文中见到名词，都可以有意识的给它加一个定语成分，把句子拉长。
Raising pets can reduce loneliness.
Raising pets looking strikingly cute as well as smart can reduce loneliness of senior citizens who have no any descendants.
万能句式：looking very adj as well as adj
Raising pets looking strikingly cute as well as smart can reduce loneliness of senior citizens who have no any descendants.
万能句式：looking very adj as well as adj
Supporting the elderly keeps a chinese traditional virtue.
Supporting the elderly who have spent years of time an energy bringing us up keeps a chinese traditional virtue with a long history.
Supporting the elderly who have spent years of time an energy bringing us up keeps a chinese traditional virtue with a long history.
Reading books can broaden horizen,
Reading books which are beneficial to both the physical and mental health of youngsters can broaden horizon of readers.
抽象名词的后面+as+三个例子 Reading books such as a Nightingale and a Rose , Little prince , and my dearest mother.
Reading books which are beneficial to both the physical and mental health of youngsters can broaden horizon of readers.
抽象名词的后面+as+三个例子 Reading books such as a Nightingale and a Rose , Little prince , and my dearest mother.
英汉差异的对比
汉语注重意合，英语注重形合。
句子结构
逻辑关系词的使用
汉语多主动，英语多被动。
汉语多短句，英语多长句
非谓语
连词
从句
长难句分析
能够找到一句话中的定语成分，并且把它们通顺地翻译出来。找定语的关键就是找名词。名词+定语/同位语/插入语/谓语，只要名词后有一坨东西，这一坨东西不是动词，就暂定为修饰这个名词的定语成分（状语还没讲）。
定语从名词后开始，到主句的谓语动词之前结束，但是如果定语在主句的谓语动词之后，定语就从名词后开始，到句末结束。
(但是，如果定语之后有连词的话，定语不是到句末结束，而是到连词之前结束，）
一个大定语中通常都会有无数个小定语，每一个小定语到下一个名词后结束。
定语从名词后开始，到主句的谓语动词之前结束，但是如果定语在主句的谓语动词之后，定语就从名词后开始，到句末结束。
(但是，如果定语之后有连词的话，定语不是到句末结束，而是到连词之前结束，）
一个大定语中通常都会有无数个小定语，每一个小定语到下一个名词后结束。
状语和状语从句
形容词和副词在句子中能够充当的成分。
1.形容词
放在名词前面做定语
放在系动词后面做表语
2.副词
He is very fast.修饰形容词
He runs fast.副词修饰实义动词
He runs rather fast.副词可以修饰副词
Actually,he runs fast.副词修饰整个句子
1.什么是状语
状语就是在一句话中修饰实义动词，形容词，副词以及整个句子的成分就是状语
状语在一句话中，除了名词不能修饰，什么成分都能修饰。
2.状语的成分
副词 She smiles sweetly,
介词短语 He runs fast like a crazy dog.
非谓语动词做状语He leaves,crying,
从句I will return the book as soon as i have....
3.状语的位置
随便放
4.状语从句
引导词的分类标准
状语从句的引导词是按照引导词本身的意思分的类，一共把引导词分为九类。
时间状语从句 when=while=as，while “当...时候”后面一定要跟进行时态，
before
after
since
the moment=as soon as “一...就...”
by the time
until
not...until
before
after
since
the moment=as soon as “一...就...”
by the time
until
not...until
1.时间状语从句
状语从句的时态问题
When love comes,i will hold her hands.（在所有的状语从句中，如果主句的动作和从句的动作都未发生的话，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。）
When love came,i failed to hold her hands.（都发生了，所以用过去式）
区别until和not...until
I will wait here until you come.（wait是个延续性动词）
I will not leave until you come.（leave是个瞬间动词）
看主句的谓语动词是延续性动词还是瞬间动词，如果是延续性动词，就用until，如果是瞬间动词就用not...until。
2.地点状语从句
引导词：where
The tree glows well in wet places.
The tree glows well where it is wet.
The tree glows well where it is wet.
3.原因状语从句
引导词：(1)because
as
since
in that
seeing that
considering that
now that
given that
as
since
in that
seeing that
considering that
now that
given that
(2)for
(3)because of
due to
owing to
thanks to
for the sake of
as a result of
因为
due to
owing to
thanks to
for the sake of
as a result of
因为
He had a car accident because he was careless.
Because he was careless,he had a car accident.
He had a car accident for he was careless.
He had a car accident because of he was carelessness.
Because he was careless,he had a car accident.
He had a car accident for he was careless.
He had a car accident because of he was carelessness.
4.目的状语从句
（1）动词不定式
to 目的是；为了
in order to
so as to
to 目的是；为了
in order to
so as to
（2）引导词
to
in order to
so as to
in order to
so as to
so that
in order that
in order that
We climb higher in order that we can see farther,(further是抽象的远不能用)
We climb higher in order to see farther,
We climb higher in order to see farther,
5.结果状语从句
引导词：so...that
such...that
such...that
I feel so delighted that i cannot help shouting and jumping.
6.让步状语从句
引导词
虽然尽管
although
though
even though
even if
as
while
although
though
even though
even if
as
while
while的特殊用法:
while翻译成虽然...尽管的意思只能放在句首，不能放在句中
while翻译成虽然...尽管的意思只能放在句首，不能放在句中
as的部分倒装
She is a beauty although she seems lazy.
7.方式状语从句
引导词
as
the way
as if/though
the way
as if/though
He talks with me as if he had known me 3 years ago
by
by means of
in...way/manner
by means of
in...way/manner
8.条件状语从句
引导词
如果
suppose that
supposing that
if
unless（否定的假设=if not）
provided that
as long as
so long as
suppose that
supposing that
if
unless（否定的假设=if not）
provided that
as long as
so long as
9.比较状语从句
引导词
as...as
比较结构+than
You look as beauty as i (look省略).
5.状语和状语从句的考点分析
写作
作文中任何一句话的旁边都可以给它加一个状语成分把句子拉长。
长难句分析
能够迅速的找到一句话中的状语成分并且把它们通顺的翻译出来
1.如何识别状语
句子中见到以下的一坨东西都是状语
副词
条件，原因，目的，结果，让步，方式，比较，伴随状语
时间或地点如果放在名词后的话，有可能是定语，也有可能是状语
当无法确定是定语还是状语的时候，定语优先原则。只有翻译成定语读起来巨恶心无比的时候，才是状语
当无法确定是定语还是状语的时候，定语优先原则。只有翻译成定语读起来巨恶心无比的时候，才是状语
I love a boy in BJU
状语和状语从句一般翻译在离它最近的那个句子的前面，或者是那个句子的主谓之间。
6.状语从句的特殊用法
补充as专题
as意思总结
as=n 作为
v+...+as 此时as的意思取决于前面名词的意思
as+句子（状/定） 当...时候；因为；虽然...尽管；好像，似乎
v+...+as 此时as的意思取决于前面名词的意思
as+句子（状/定） 当...时候；因为；虽然...尽管；好像，似乎
句子所有成分大总结
特殊结构
强调句型
写作
it is...that/who...除了谓语不能强调其他都能强调
我昨天在街上遇到了我的旧情人
I met my old flame in the street yesterday.
It was yesterday that i met my old flame in the street.
I met my old flame in the street yesterday.
It was yesterday that i met my old flame in the street.
就是在我的女儿出生以后，我才意识到母亲的伟大。
It is after my daughter was born,i realized the greatness of mothers.
It is after my daughter was born,i realized the greatness of mothers.
It is a sea of causes that there exist to explain my perspective.
长难句分析
去掉It is...that...,还原为句子本来的样子后再翻译。
倒装句
什么是倒装，就是把一句话写成一般疑问句的形式，也就是给一句话提个助动词，或者是be动词放在句首。
倒装的具体用法
否定词放在句首用倒装
I will never love you.
Never will i love you.
Never will i love you.
Pets not only do harm to their neighbors and families but also pollute the environment.
Not only do pets do harm...
Not only do pets do harm...
so,nor/neither位于句首，表明承前句子的肯定或否定时用倒装。
I can cook. So can i.
I cannot cook.Nor can i.
I cannot cook.Nor can i.
含有so...that..结构的句子将so引导的部分置于句首时用倒装。
I feel so delighted that i cannot help jumping and dancing.
So delighted do I feel that i cannot help jumping and dancing.
So delighted do I feel that i cannot help jumping and dancing.
So quickly does she run that crazy dogs fail to catch up with her.
only引出的状语位于句首时用倒装
as 引导让步状语从句，从句的表语可以放在句首构成部分倒装。
As i am ugly,i am gentle.
Ugly as i am,i am gentle.
Ugly as i am,i am gentle.
所有可数名词都不能单独使用，除了这个倒装
Teacher as he is,he keeps common.
Teacher as he is,he keeps common.
省略if的虚拟语气用倒装
倒装的考点分析
写作
所有的倒装都是写作的满分句型
在任何情况下，父母都不能忽略培养孩子自信的重要性。
under no circumstances can parents fail to shed light on cultivate the confidence of their children.
under no circumstances can parents fail to shed light on cultivate the confidence of their children.
So exhausted do i fell that i have no any strength all over.
长难句分析
只要在一句话中见到一般疑问句的形式通常都是倒装，翻译是还原倒装部分后再翻译。
虚拟语气
什么是虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示与事实相反或者是语气委婉
一般用法
if引导的条件状语从句
If you are a tear in my eyes,i will never shed it.
If you were a tear in my eyes,i would never shed it.
If i was a dog,i could sleep with you.
If i had been a dog,i could have slept with you.
如何把一个正常的条件状语从句变成虚拟语气呢？只需要把已经写好的句子的时态变成过去式。
需要注意的是，虚拟语气中，所有be动词的过去式通常是were，不用was。
需要注意的是，虚拟语气中，所有be动词的过去式通常是were，不用was。
练习
If i still remember you in my next life,we will definitely stay together.
If i still remembered you in my next life,we would definitely stay together.（变虚拟语气）
Did i still remember you in my next life,we would definitely stay together.（省略if的虚拟语气的倒装）
If i still remembered you in my next life,we would definitely stay together.（变虚拟语气）
Did i still remember you in my next life,we would definitely stay together.（省略if的虚拟语气的倒装）
If you followed me at the beginning,you could pass the examination smoothly.
If you had followed me at the beginning,you could have passed the examination smoothly.（变虚拟语气）
Had you followed me at the beginning,you could passed the examination smoothly.（省略if的虚拟语气的倒装）
If you had followed me at the beginning,you could have passed the examination smoothly.（变虚拟语气）
Had you followed me at the beginning,you could passed the examination smoothly.（省略if的虚拟语气的倒装）
特殊用法
以下情况从句用“should+v”表示虚拟，并且should可以省略。
以防 in case that;for fear that;last (所有英语单词只要可以翻译成以防，全是从句用should+动词原形表示虚拟）
命 order;direct;command
贱 suggest；advice；propose
要求 ask;request;require;demand
用虚拟是必要的 It is necessary(important) that.
命 order;direct;command
贱 suggest；advice；propose
要求 ask;request;require;demand
用虚拟是必要的 It is necessary(important) that.
例子
In case that it should rain,you had better stay at home.
It seems necessary that authorities should inspire their citizens to protect our environment.
以下情况从句用一般过去时表示虚拟
常见的有两个：would rather（宁愿）和It is high time that...
以下情况要区别对待，就是把本来的时态变成过去式。
常见的词有：wish；if only；but for；or/otherwise；as if/as though
例
He treats me as if i were his son.
He treated me as if i had been his son.
He treated me as if i had been his son.
写作
长难句分析
无论句子有没有使用虚拟语气，都可以直接翻译。意思是有没有虚拟语气翻译出来都是一样的。
虚拟语气没有长难句分析，同if引导的条件状语从句。
插入语
定义：就是放在句子的主谓之间，用逗号或者破折号隔开的部分。阅读理解装作没看见，翻译还是要翻译出来。
常用的插入语：副词，介词短语，不定式短语，分词，现在分词短语。
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