FT每日英语热词手账2021（持续更新中）

He has made a series of unfounded allegations of voter fraud in the swing states that determined the result, and orchestrated a barrage of unsuccessful legal challenges to the vote tallies.
他（特朗普）做出一系列没有依据的指控，称决定选举结果的摇摆州存在选民欺诈，并策划了一连串针对投票结果的法律挑战，但均未成功。

Iraq is set for a $2bn boost from a Chinese oil company paying upfront for a year’s supply of the fuel, Iraq’s state-owned oil marketer said this weekend.
伊拉克国家石油营销组织SOMO上周末表示，一家中国石油公司将为一年内供应的石油预先付款，这将为伊拉克带来20亿美元收入。

Top US medical officials on Sunday contradicted outgoing President Donald Trump’s claims that the country’s escalating Covid-19 death figures had been grossly exaggerated.
美国医疗体系高官上周日驳斥了即将卸任的总统唐纳德•特朗普的说法，即美国不断上升的新冠肺炎死亡人数被严重夸大了。

“Uncertainty is diminishing and the strong global growth recovery should favour the rest of the world, so we think the dollar has some overvaluation to work off,” said Patrik Schowitz, global multi-asset strategist at JPMorgan Asset Management.
“不确定性正在减弱，而全球经济的强劲复苏应该有利于世界其余地区，因此，我们认为美元仍有高估的部分要调整，”摩根资产管理全球多资产策略师帕特里克•舒维茨表示。

Daily admissions of Covid-19 patients to hospitals in England surpassed the peak recorded in April, to reach a record of 3,145, according to data released on Monday.
周一发布的数据显示，英格兰医院每日收治的新冠住院患者超过去年4月录得的峰值，达到创纪录的3145人。

Analysts credited ultra-low interest rates, government stimulus and the government's adept handling of Covid-19 for boosting confidence in the housing sector.
分析师认为超低利率、澳大利亚政府的刺激措施以及对疫情的应对得当，都提高了房地产行业的信心

Confusion had been sown by a Treasury update on December 28 that indicated that subsidiaries of the Chinese groups named in an earlier executive order would be affected by the mandate once the department published a list of those affected subsidiaries.
造成困惑的根源是美国财政部在12月28日发布的有关此事的新消息。美国财政部表示，早前的行政令中点名的中国企业，其子公司也同样受到（行政令）影响，而这些影响将在财政部发布相关子公司的名单后生效。

The leaders also toughened contact restrictions, decreeing that members of any one household will be allowed to meet only one other person in public.
与会领导人还同意加强对人际接触的限制，规定一个家庭的成员在公共场合只能与其他家庭的一名成员会面。

Mr Johnson warned on Monday the country faced a very “tough” few weeks as a vaccine is rolled out, with the UK’s four chief medical officers warning that hospitals could be swamped later this month without new restrictions.
约翰逊周一警告称，随着疫苗接种工作的开展，英国未来几周将非常“艰难”。英国四位首席医疗官警告称，如果不采取新的限制措施，本月晚些时候，医院可能会人满为患。

The peaceful transfer of power in America ground to a halt on Wednesday after angry mobs of pro-Trump supporters stormed the Capitol building and forced lawmakers to abandon the certification of Joe Biden’s presidential victory.
周三，支持唐纳德•特朗普的愤怒暴徒袭击了美国国会大厦，迫使议员放弃认证乔•拜登胜选，这使得美国权力的和平移交陷入停滞。

Their action “undermines our democracy and the rule of law”, warned the US Chamber of Commerce, as a small business coalition blasted the “shameful complicity” of elected officials trying to help Mr Trump “undermine the will of the voters”.
美国商会警告称，这些国会议员的行动会“破坏我国的民主和法治”，而一个小企业联合会抨击了民选官员试图帮助特朗普“削弱选民意志”的“可耻同谋”。

Mr Trump’s initial executive order was hastily written and contained ambiguous language, leaving exchanges and indices to largely interpret the order themselves, lawyers and executives at index providers have said.
律师和指数公司高管表示，特朗普最初的行政令是匆忙起草的，措辞含糊，交易所和指数提供商基本上只能自行解读。

Democratic leaders in the House and Senate tried on Thursday to persuade vice-president Mike Pence to forcibly remove Donald Trump from office by invoking the 25th amendment, a day after a mob of the president’s supporters launched a violent attack on the US Capitol.
美国参众两院的民主党领袖周四试图说服副总统迈克•彭斯启用美国宪法第25条修正案，强行让唐纳德•特朗普下台。就在前一天，一群特朗普支持者对美国国会大厦进行了暴力袭击。

Germany, which is struggling to contain a second surge in Covid-19 infections, has imposed no legal requirement to take the vaccine, though some lawyers specialising in labour rights say medics could potentially face dismissal should their employers argue they were posing a health risk to patients.
正在艰难遏制第二波COVID-19感染激增的德国，并未从法律上强制要求接种疫苗，但一些专长于劳工权利的律师表示，如果雇主认为医护人员本身对患者构成健康风险，那么这些医护人员可能面临解雇。

For now both the Fed and investors have some time on their side. But later this year, a stronger economy buoyed by Covid-19 vaccines and hefty government spending will require much higher interest rates and indications of far less monetary support from the Fed.
就目前而言，美联储和投资者都还有一些时间。但到了今年晚些时候，新冠疫苗和巨额政府支出将支撑经济走强，届时将要求美联储实行高得多的利率，并发出大幅减少货币支持的信号。

House Democrats plan to hold a vote on impeaching the president for “inciting an insurrection” on Tuesday or Wednesday, having gathered nearly 200 signatures in support.
民主党众议员计划本周二或周三投票决定是否以“煽动叛乱”为由弹劾特朗普，他们已为此征集到近200个签名。

China will emerge as a rival to New York and London as the world’s financial centre, according to Bridgewater founder Ray Dalio, who is betting heavily on what would be an epochal shift in the global economy.
桥水基金创始人雷•达里奥认为，中国将会赶上纽约和伦敦，与它们争夺世界金融中心地位。他正在大举押注这一注定成为世界经济中划时代转变的趋势。

In its efforts to avoid breaching the same regulations, the New York Stock Exchange became embroiled in controversy, moving at first to delist the three Chinese telecoms and then reversing course, before deciding to follow through last week at the urging of the Treasury department.
纽约证券交易所为避免违反上述行政令而采取的做法已引起了争议：它起初计划将三家中国电信企业摘牌，随后撤回决定，后来又在美国财政部的施压下于上周决定继续推进摘牌计划。

The Democratic-controlled House on Monday attempted to pass a separate resolution urging Mike Pence, the vice-president, to convene the cabinet and activate the 25th amendment, which gives them the authority to strip the president of his powers over his role in last week’s siege.
周一，民主党控制的众议院试图通过另一项决议，敦促副总统迈克•彭斯召集内阁，触发宪法第二十五条修正案——该修正案赋予他们罢免总统的权力，理由是特朗普在上周的围攻国会事件中扮演的角色。

The Democratic mayor of Washington DC has asked federal authorities to deny permits for public gatherings until after the presidential inauguration of Joe Biden as the capital city tightens security amid fears of further violence after last week's rampage.
民主党籍的华盛顿哥伦比亚特区市长穆丽尔•鲍泽已请求美国联邦当局暂时不要批准公众集会，直至乔•拜登的总统就职典礼举行之后。上周美国国会遇袭后，华盛顿因担心再发生暴力事件加强了安全防范。

Even if GM never controls a larger portion of the North American market than their upstart rival, if “they keep putting out tons of great products . . . and they take a ton of share from Tesla, are their EV efforts a failure then? I would say no.”
即使通用汽车在北美市场所占份额永远无法超过其新贵对手，但只要“他们不断推出大量优秀的产品……并从特斯拉手中夺走大量市场份额，那么能说他们在电动汽车方面的努力失败了吗？我认为不能。”

Nancy Pelosi, the Democratic House speaker, has said the lower chamber of Congress will vote to impeach the president as early as Wednesday on a charge of “incitement of insurrection” over his culpability for the attack on the Capitol.
民主党籍众议院议长南希•佩洛西表示，众议院最早将在周三表决弹劾案，指控特朗普“煽动叛乱”，让他为国会袭击事件承担罪责。

The results will add to pressure on the government in Brazil, where more than 200,000 Covid-19 fatalities have been recorded, the second-highest for any country after the US.
最新公布的结果将增加巴西政府的压力，该国已有超过20万人死于新冠肺炎，是仅次于美国的死亡人数第二高的国家。

Of the 5.3m cars delivered by the VW brand last year, 212,000 were either solely battery-powered, or hybrids, representing a 158 per cent increase on 2019.
大众去年交付的530万辆汽车中，有21.2万辆是纯电动或混合动力汽车，比2019年增长158%。

“The president of the United States incited this insurrection, this armed rebellion, against our common country,” Nancy Pelosi, the Democratic speaker of the House, said during a more than three-hour debate ahead of the vote.
“美国总统煽动了这次对我们共同国家的叛乱、武装造反，”在投票前进行的三个多小时的辩论中，民主党籍众议院议长南希•佩洛西表示。

Two new strains have spread rapidly in several countries over the past few weeks — the B.1.1.7 strain first found in the UK and the 501v.2 variant discovered in South Africa, both of which have made the disease more infectious.
过去几周，两种新毒株在几个国家迅速传播——在英国首次发现的B.1.1.7毒株和南非发现的501v.2变种，这两种毒株都使得新冠病毒更具传染性。

What is at stake is nothing less than the food sovereignty of France.
这场收购无异于攸关法国的食品主权。

On Thursday morning, concerns about the state of the US recovery resurfaced after an unexpected jump in first-time weekly claims for jobless benefits, adding impetus to Mr Biden’s calls for fresh stimulus.
周四上午，每周首次申请失业补助的人数出人意料地出现增长，这让有关美国复苏状况的担忧再次浮现，给拜登推出新刺激措施的呼吁增加了推动力。

“Many countries have either shut their borders entirely or now put in place mandatory testing requirements for all international travel and that's all been in the last three weeks,” Mr Meyer said.
“许多国家要么完全关闭边境，要么现在对所有国际旅行都强制要求提供检测证明，而这一切都是在过去三周发生的，”迈耶表示。

Strong export growth, including double-digit increases for three consecutive months, has persisted despite a strengthening of the renminbi, which this month crossed the 6.5 level against the dollar for the first time since 2018.
中国出口持续强劲增长，已连续三个月实现两位数增长，尽管人民币走强——本月人民币兑美元汇率自2018年以来首次突破1美元兑6.5元人民币。

He said Mr Biden would rescind the Muslim travel ban that Mr Trump installed four years ago.
他表示，拜登将撤销特朗普4年前签署的穆斯林旅行禁令。

He remains Arm China’s legal representative and holds the company’s official stamp, making it difficult to dislodge him under a centuries-old Chinese system.
他仍然是安谋中国的法定代表人，并掌控着该公司的公章——根据中国一个由来已久的制度，这意味着要强行撤换他是有难度的。

In addition to the two vaccines approved on Sunday, the country is also considering purchasing the BioNTech/Pfizer vaccine, but ministers have baulked at the manufacturer’s request for exemption from liability for side effects.
除了上周日批准的这两款疫苗外，巴西还在考虑购买BioNTech/辉瑞的疫苗，但该疫苗制造商提出的免除疫苗副作用责任的要求，让巴西官员踌躇不前。

“The price of this failing will be paid with lives and livelihoods in the world’s poorest countries,” said director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
“世界上最贫穷国家将为这一失败付出生命和生计的代价，”世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞表示

In her remarks before the Senate panel, Ms Yellen will also say that her goal will be to rebalance the US economy as it recovers from the pandemic, in an attempt to tackle some of the country’s deep-seated racial and income disparities.
耶伦还将告诉参议院财政委员会，随着美国经济从疫情中复苏，她的目标将是使美国经济重新达到平衡，试图解决该国一些根深蒂固的种族和收入不平等。

Premier League football matches were suspended in March last year — the same month PPLive withheld an instalment — for three months before recommencing in June.
英超足球赛事去年3月开始暂停了3个月，直到去年6月才恢复，而PPLive也在去年3月暂停了分期付款。

“We're in a foot race now between these emerging [more] transmissible strains and the vaccine rollout,” Mr deSouza warned.
“我们现在就像在参加一场竞走比赛：一方是这些新的、传染性更强的病毒变种，另一方是疫苗接种工作的展开。”德苏扎警告说。

However, carmakers are currently outside the top 10 on that list, according to industry insiders, with technology giants such as Samsung and Huawei taking precedence.
然而，据业内人士介绍，汽车制造商目前甚至排不进上述名单的前十名；享有优先权的是三星和华为等科技巨头。

The jump in the group’s Hong Kong-traded stock on Tuesday came a day after it said it would pay HK$16.5bn (US$2.1bn) to redeem the convertible bond, which it issued in 2018 and was due in 2023.
周一，该集团表示将支付165亿港元（合21亿美元），赎回该公司于2018年发行、原定2023年到期的一只可转换债券。周二，该集团在香港上市的股票跃升。

In terms of racial justice, Mr Biden will rescind Mr Trump's “1776 commission”, which was set up by the outgoing president to “restore patriotic education to our schools” and was criticised for seeking to erase the history of racism in America.
在种族公正方面，拜登将撤销特朗普的“1776委员会”——特朗普建立该委员会的目的是“恢复我们学校的爱国主义教育”，但因试图抹去美国种族主义历史而受到批评。

Trade associations and individual executives have publicly affirmed the legitimacy of Mr Biden's election, pulled campaign contributions from Republicans who contested his victory and given parts of his agenda a warmer welcome than Democrats have been used to from the business community.
行业协会和个人高管公开确认了拜登当选的合法性，从那些质疑拜登胜选的共和党人处收回了政治捐款，并对拜登的部分议程给予了热烈欢迎，过去民主党通常不会得到商界这么热烈的支持。

QAnon adherents call it “the storm”. At midday on Wednesday, there were supposed to be blackouts across the US, military tribunals led by Donald Trump and the mass execution of Democrats in the streets.
周三中午，美国应该出现这样的局面：全境停电、唐纳德•特朗普主持军事法庭、民主党人在街头被大规模处决。“匿名者Q”的信徒称之为“风暴”。

“It is imperative that we learn and build on important lessons about how future pandemic events can be averted,” said Dr Fauci.
“最重要的是我们要学习和借鉴重要经验，了解未来如何防止发生大流行事件。”福奇博士表示。

Mr Biden’s entry into the White House was met with huge relief in Germany, which was routinely attacked by his predecessor Donald Trump over everything from its large current account surplus and relatively low defence spending to its support for the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline from Russia to Europe.
拜登入主白宫令德国如释重负。此前，德国经常受到其前任唐纳德•特朗普的各种攻击——从该国的巨额经常账户盈余、相对较低的国防支出，到支持连接俄罗斯与欧洲的“北溪2号”天然气管道项目。

But he added: “Given its significance, we think it is important for the board to review it and reach an independent judgment on whether it should be upheld.”
但他补充称：“考虑到此举的重要意义，我们认为，委员会有必要对此进行审查，并就是否应该维持这一做法做出独立判断。”

As European countries start to vaccinate people against Covid-19, 33 economists polled by the FT this month predicted that eurozone gross domestic product would rise by an average of 4.3 per cent next year, rebounding from this year’s record postwar recession.
随着欧洲国家开始为民众接种新冠肺炎疫苗，在12月接受英国《金融时报》调查的33位经济学家预测，欧元区2021年国内生产总值（GDP）平均将增长4.3%，从今年的战后创纪录衰退反弹。

Mr Keller added, however, that the UK bank remained “cautious for the month ahead as acrimonious negotiations have likely resulted in deep diplomatic scars on both sides of the [English] Channel”.
然而凯勒补充说，这家英资银行“对未来一个月持谨慎态度，因为激烈的谈判可能已在英吉利海峡两岸留下深深的外交伤痕”。

The government is being buffeted by the winds of an unpredictable global pandemic. But political leadership is about taking difficult decisions even before others realise they are necessary, and carrying along allies, opponents, and the nation. It is often, too, about pragmatism and compromise.
一场难以预测的全球大流行正给本届政府带来冲击。但政治领导力就是关乎作出艰难决策，在其他人甚至尚未意识到其必要性之前就作出决策，然后团结盟友、对手和国家一起前行。这种领导力也往往关乎务实和妥协。

US companies risk a backlash if they insist that staff be vaccinated against Covid-19 before returning to the workplace, according to corporate advisers who warn that employers’ desire to mandate vaccination will clash with deep concerns among many employees.
一些企业顾问表示，坚持要求员工在返回工作场所之前接种新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗的美国企业，可能会遭遇反对。这些顾问们警告，雇主强制接种疫苗的愿望将与许多员工抱有的深切忧虑发生冲突。

It is unknown what dosage of the vaccine will be approved. Scientists have criticised Oxford university and AstraZeneca over how they disclosed data relating to the trials of the vaccine, accusing them of omitting important details.
尚不清楚将会批准哪种剂量的疫苗。已有一些科学家批评牛津大学和阿斯利康披露疫苗试验数据的方式，指责他们遗漏了重要细节。

There are many theories about why we become more susceptible to disease as we age. One is that natural selection favours genes that protect us during our reproductive years, even if they have damaging effects later.
有许多理论解释为什么随着年龄增长，我们更容易患病。一种观点认为，自然选择偏爱那些在我们的生育年龄保护我们的基因，即使它们之后会产生破坏性的影响。

“Faster progress on ending the health crisis will raise global income cumulatively by $9tn over 2020 to 2025, with benefits for all countries, including around $4tn for advanced economies,” Ms Gopinath said.
“在终结当前健康危机方面取得更快进展，将在2020年至2025年期间使全球收入累计增加9万亿美元，这将造福于所有国家，包括让发达经济体受益大约4万亿美元。”戈皮纳特表示。

As part of Tuesday’s action, the Biden administration will also consider new guidance to “advance cultural competency, language access, and sensitivity” towards Asian-Americans and Pacific islanders in the Covid-19 response.
作为周二行动的一部分，拜登政府还将考虑制定新的指导方针，针对亚裔美国人和太平洋岛民，提高疫情应对中的“文化得体性、语言规范性和敏感度”。

The EU is struggling to get its vaccine rollout strategy back on track after AstraZeneca informed officials late last week that its production would sharply undershoot expectations.
上周晚些时候，阿斯利康通知欧盟官员，其疫苗产量将大大低于预期，眼下欧盟正艰难地使其疫苗推广战略重回正轨

Sinopharm stands to reap a large windfall from sales of its Covid-19 vaccines and is positioned well for dealmaking.
国药集团将从其新冠疫苗销售中获得优厚利润，正处于进行交易的有利地位。

General licences are a common method of tweaking sanctions programmes after their implementation to manage against initial unanticipated consequences.
通用许可证是一种常见方法，用来在实施制裁计划后对其进行微调，以管控初期的意外后果。

Russian police have issued a slew of fines and detentions related to last Saturday’s marches and Mr Putin warned would-be protesters that “anything outside the law is not just counterproductive, but dangerous”.
俄罗斯警方就上周六的游行开出一系列罚单和拘留令，而普京警告潜在的抗议者，“超出法律界限的任何事情不仅会适得其反，而且是危险的”。

For the rarefied community of hedge fund managers and professional investors, the problem, of course, is that the great unwashed has jumped into the stock market. In size.
对于高高在上的对冲基金经理和专业投资者群体，问题当然在于底层人民闯进了股票市场，而且成规模。

The Brits say the operation underscores an unmatched level of military collaboration. The claim is hard to gainsay.
英国方面称，此次行动将凸显两国间无与伦比的军事协作水平。我们很难否认这种说法。

With the coronavirus pandemic throwing our lives into turmoil in ways many of us previously thought impossible, I tallied up the results in a rather different light. Glancing through some of our FT scribes’ stock choices from a year ago was akin to sifting through relics of a bygone age, from pub companies to cruise liners.
由于新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19，即2019冠状病毒病）疫情以一种我们许多人此前认为不可能的方式，把我们的生活抛入动荡，所以我用不同的眼光统计了今年的结果。浏览一些FT记者在一年前选择的股票——从酒吧企业到邮轮运营商——如同在查看很久以前的遗迹。