企业系统管理概要
2021-06-24 10:28:20 5 举报AI智能生成
企业系统管理
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ERP Systems
Definition
The first generation of enterprise systems meant to integrate data and support all the major functions of organizations.
Goals of an ERP system
To make the information flow dynamic
To make the information flow immediate
Replace an assortment of systems
Solves the critical problem
To integrate departments and functions across an organization into a single infrastructure
Evolution of ERP
1960s
Inventory Management & Control
Third generation software-(Cobol, Fortran)
1970s
Materials Requirements Planning (MRP)
Third generation software-(Cobol, Fortran)
1980s
Materials Requirements Planning (MRP-II)
Fourth generation database software
Manufacturing Applications
1990s
Enterprise Resource Planning
Fourth generation database software
Package Software
2000s
Extended ERP or ERP-II
Web Platform
Open source with integration to fifth generation applications
SCM
CRM
SFA
Components
Hardware
Servers
Peripherals
Software
Operating Systems
Database
Information
Organizational data from internal
External sources
Process
Business processes
Procedures
Policies
People
End Users
IT Staff
Focuses
On integrating the internal functional silos of the organization into an enterprise application
Data sharing
System integration
Business process change
Improving decision making
Technology
Adaptive
Merged the early data processing and integration efforts within an organization
Benefits
Integration of data and applications across functional areas
Data can be entered once and used by all aplications
Improving accuracy and quality of the data
Improvements in maintenance and support as IT staff is centralized
Consistency of the user interface across various applications means less
Employee training
Better productivity
Cross-functional job movements
Security of data and applications is enhanced
Limitations
Complexity of
Installing
Configuring
Maintaining
Consolidation of
IT hardware
Software
People resources
Data conversion and transformation from an old system to a new one
Retraining of IT staff and end users of the new system
Software & Vendor Selection
An organization that doesn't have the experience in developing ERP systems
The organization must carefully evaluate needs in enterprise management systems
Review the organization's existing
Hardware
Network
Software
The resources available for the implementation
Vendor Evaluation
Business functions or modules supported by their software
Features and integration capabilities of the software
Financial viability of the vendor as well as length of time they have been in business
Licensing and upgrade policies
Customer service and help desk support
Total cost of ownership
IT infrastructure requirements
Third-party software integration
Legacy systems support and integration
Consulting and training services
Future goals and plans for the short and long term
Operations & Post-Implementation
Five Areas of Stabilization are Important
Training for end-users
Reactive support
Auditing support
Data fix
New features & functionalities
Project Management Triangle
Resources
Time
Scope
People & Organization
Project Management
Consultants
Changes Management
Business Process Re-engineering
Global, Ethical, & Security Management
Implications for Management
ERP systems implementation
Is a complex organizational activity
Requires strong project management oversight
Provide improved & added functionality for an organization
Are set to proliferate globally
E-Business
Focuses
On linking business with external partners and stakeholders
Communication
Collaboration
Marketing & Promotion
E-commerce
Technology
Disruptive
Transformed the way a business operates in terms of
Buying & Selling
Customer Service
Relationships with suppliers
Benefits
Increasing agility of the organization in terms of responding to changes in environment
Growth
Maintaining
Information sharing helps collaboration between units
Linking and exchanging information in real-time with supply-chain partners improves efficiency
Better customer service due to quicker information flow across departments
Efficiency of business processes are enhanced due to the re-engineering of business processes
Limitations
Retraining of all employees with the new system
Change of business roles and department boundaries
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