英语句法扫盲
2022-06-16 10:43:52 88 举报AI智能生成
英语句法总结。
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
句子是人类表达思想的基本单位，一个完整的桔子是由若干个单词构成的，这些单词根据一定语法规则连成句子。
主语
定义
动作的发出者
通常为一个句子中第一个独立的名词或名词性结构
四种形式
名词本身
代词
动词ing/ to do形式
主语从句
谓语
定义
主语发出的动作
通常为主语后的第一个独立的动词或动词性结构
从句中的动词，不是谓语
主语前的动词，不是谓语
现在分词/过去分词前无助动词的不是谓语
非谓语
三种形式
doing
表主动,表进行
I saw a boy crying in a car.
done
表被动,表完成
Beaten by Tom, Bob was very sad.
to do
表将来
To become a scientist, you must work hard.
分支主题
主系表
对主语的表现、性质、状态等方面进行描述的结构
宾语
定义
宾语是动作的承担者
通常是谓语后的第一个独立的名词或名词性结构
宾语形式
名词
I like cats.
代词
I hate you.
名词性结构
doing
I like swimming.
to do
My dream is to become a teacher.
宾语从句
I think that you are a good man.
定语
定义
对名词或代词进行限定、修饰作用的成分
2种位置
名词前：前置定语
名词后：后置定语
定语形式
形容词作定语
She is a pretty girl.
偏正短语
介词短语作定语
This is a map of China.
非谓语作定语
The boy sitting by my side is my brother.
doing
This is a book written by Zhong Ping.
done
She has a wish to visit Beijing.
to do
定语从句
She is the girl who loves Alex.
状语
定义
说明谓语或整个句子的状态的成分
状语形式
副词作状语
He ran qunickly.
介词短语作状语
In the morning, I saw a tiger.
非谓语作状语
Working on the street, I met Tom.
Seen from the mountain, the city looks beautiful.
To be a writer, you should read many books.
状语从句
When my mom came in, I was playing the piano.
状语位置
句首、句中、句尾
同位语
定义
同位语用于解释说明另一个名词或代词，两者指的是一回事。
同位语多位于其解释说明的名词或代词之后。
同位语形式
名词作同位语
My sister, Alice, is 7 years old.
名词性结构作同位语
Donald Trump, the President of the United States, is a rich man.
从句作同位语：同位语从句
The news that he died surprises me.
插入语
定义
可插入到句子中的各个位置，不影响句子中心意思的结构。
插入语形式
插入语一般用逗号（，）或破折号（—）隔开
插入语位置灵活，可插入到句子任何位置
Tom, in my opinion, likes Lily.
In my opinion, Tom likes Lily.
Tom likes Lily, in my opinion.
常见插入语
to be frank
in my eyss
in my opinion
as we know
according to...
状语从句
主句 + （关联词 + 从句）
九种状语从句
时间状语：when, while, before, after, until
When my dad came in, I was doing my homework.
While I was doing my homework, my dad came in.
After I had finished my homework, my dad came in.
时间先后
地点状语：Where
He traveled where I want to go.
原因状语：because, since, as
I love her because she is beautiful.
经常、正式
原因不说人家不知道
Since we don't have money, we can't buy it.
心知肚明
As it is raining, we can't go out to play.
心知肚明
目的状语：in order that, so that
I will speak slowly so that you can understand me.
条件状语：if, unless
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.
事件先后顺序
主将从现
主句将来时，从句现在时
Unless it rains, we will go to the zoo.
结果状语：so...that, such...that
Kaidi is so beautiful that everyone loves her.
Kaidi is so beautiful a girl that everyone loves her.
Kaidi is such a beautiful girl that everyone loves her.
such是限定词，后跟名词（偏正结构）
让步状语：although, though, even though, even if
He is unhappy although he has a lot of money.
I will always love you even though you are ugly and poor.
现在
even if
将来
方式状语：as, as if, as though, the way
He spoke as if he had witnessed it.
比较状语：than, as...as
She is as beautiful as her mother.
Bill runs faster than his brother.
疑问句
疑问句
分类
一般疑问句（是非疑问句）
简单回答是（Yes）或不是（No）的疑问句
若陈述句中有be动词、情态动词、助动词
转一般疑问句
将be动词、情态动词、助动词提到主语前
其余顺序不变
问号
例句
He is a student.
Is he a student?
He can swim.
Can he swim?
They have arrived in Beijing.
Have they arrived Beijing?
若陈述句中无be动词、情态动词、助动词
转一般疑问句
在主语前加助动词do/does/did
其余顺序不变
原陈述句中动词变为原形
问号
例句
He loves Lily.
Does he love Lily?
I want to keep a cat.
Do you want to keep a cat?
一般疑问句的回答
肯定回答
是（Yes） + 主语 + 提问词
Yes, he does.
否定回答
不是（No）+ 主语 + 提问词 + not
No, he doesn't.
选择疑问句
提供大于等于2种情况，从中做出选择（或全部否定/肯定）
造型
一般疑问句 + 一般疑问句
例句
Do you like apples? Do you like peaches?
Do you like apples? or do you like peaches?
Do you like apples or peaches?
Apples.
Peaches.
Both.
Neither.
特殊疑问句
定义
不能简单回答是（Yes）或不是（No）
要回答具体内容
对句中某一成分进行提问
疑问词
疑问代词
what（什么）
who（谁）
which（哪个）
whose（谁的）
疑问副词
where（哪里：询问地点）
when（何时：询问时间）
how（如何：询问方式）
why（为什么：询问原因）
对主语提问
方式方法
用疑问词替换主语
其余顺序不变
问号
例句
She is Lily.
Who is Lily?
This is Mary's book.
Which is Mary's book?
对其他成分提问
方式方法
将陈述句变为一般疑问句
用疑问词替换被提问部分
疑问词提前
例句
I want to keep a cat.
Do you want to keep a cat?
Do you want to keep what?
What do you want to keep?
He arrived in Beijing at 7 o'clock.
Did he arrive in Beijing at 7 o'clock?
Did he arrive in Beijing when?
When did he arrive in Beijing?
He arrived in Beijing at 7 o'clock.
Did he arrive in Beijing at 7 o'clock?
Did he arrive where at 7 o'clock?
Where Did he arrive at 7 o'clock?
He did it for fun.
Did he do it for fun?
Did he do it why?
Why did he do it ?
He usually goes to school by bus.
Does he usually go to school by bus?
Does he usually go to school how?
How does he usually go to school ?
反意疑问句
10. 感叹句
分类
由 what 引导：修饰名词
What a clever girl.
由 how 引导：修饰形容词、副词
例句
She is a clever girl.
What a clever girl she is.
How clever a girl she is.
She plays well.
How well she plays.
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