如何写好一个句子How to write a sentence
2022-10-21 14:22:26 0 举报AI智能生成
句子是灵魂
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
propositions are the atoms from which the molecule of the sentence is constructed
underlying proposition
surprise
tease
test
satisfy
providing pleasure
Sometimes the way sentences unfold their meaning is the most important meaning they offer.
intend vs unintended
sentence proposition
Basic element
a string of words
serie of words
bunch of words
combination of words
number of words
a sequence of words
gratification
joy
delight
pleasure
“Why should a sequence of words be anything but a pleasure?” Gertrude Stein once asked.
thesaurus
degree of precision of vocabulary choices
ladder of abstract
vertical paradmatic axis
paradimatic choices
word choices
“Why should we get anything but pleasure from a sequence of words?”
early or late
modifiers
coordinate
subordinate
how u put together the words chosen
syntax
horizontal syntagmatic axis
syntagmatic choice
word oders
sentence construction
propositional content
generative
heuristic
cumulative sentence
early
loose syntax
suspensefully
suspensively
periodic sentence
delay
periodic syntax
sentence to affect writing effetiveness and style
modification
sentence combination
duple rhythm of balance
three beat rhythm of serial construction
pace and rhythm
motion sentence
form is content
but it’s something we frequently forget when we are writing.
a poem should not mean / but be
tougher style
“Don’t you think hamburgers are just fabulous?”
sweet style
stuff style
style is content
good sentences
1. sentence: the sequence of words
studying grammar is more than a little bit like counting the spines of a dead fish.
dead fish in the labotary
grammatical descriptions of the sentence are primarily concerned with identifying its parts
sentence as a grammar phenomenon
live fish in the nature
Relation reality
rhetorical descriptions of the sentence are primarily concerned with identifying that relational reality established when a reader reads or hears the sentence.
effective writing
What I term an impressive sentence will frequently display some form of “elegance” that may at first seem above and beyond the requirements of effectiveness.
There may be only one elegant solution to a math problem; there may be many different impressive solutions to a problem we address with language.
“impressive prose style” in the same way mathematicians refer to an elegant solution to a math problem.
no amount of sophisticated vocabulary or complicated syntax can make a sentence effective or impressive unless that sentence accomplishes the task it was intended to accomplish.
impressive writing
Style is what the writer writes and/or what the reader read
style
sentence as a rhetoric phenomenan
Good Sentences
2. Grammar and rhetoric
Prose Style Rests on the Arrangement of Propositions in the Sentence
The proper place in the sentence for the word or group of words that the writer desires to make most prominent is usually the end.”
Modifiers
Times like these try men’s souls
How trying it is to live in these times!
These are trying times for men’s souls
These are the times that try men’s souls.
It is only when we consider the emotional effect of the way we order and combine the propositions that underlie the sentences we speak or write that we can consider ourselves in control of our writing.
the way underlying propositions may actually carry more weight or have a greater impact on the reception of a sentence than does its surface.
The Power of implied or embedded proposition
3. Propostion
They raised the flag.
They slept
kernel sentence
Thomas Berger is one of America’s most respected but underread novelists.”
expanding kernel sentence
cumulative sentences
Then he would throw down his rifle and hold up his hands and yell that he was surrendering. The idea revolted him. He couldn’t let himself merely stand and wait for them. He’d never done it before. It was disgusting.
tough guy style
1) we can add propositional information by using conjunctions or other connective words to add to the sentence in much the same way we might add more boxcars to a train;
“The girl raised the flag and was proud to see it waving once again over the town square.”
“The girl raised the flag because she knew that doing so would inspire her compatriots.”
The girl raised the flag.
connective
(2) we can add propositional information by subordinating some parts of the sentence to other parts;
The girl raised the flag that had long been a symbol of the resistance movement.
(3) we can add propositional information by using modifying words and phrases that turn underlying propositions into modifiers.
The third main strategy for building a sentence is to add new information by boiling that information down to a single modifying word or phrase.
The young girl raised the flag.”
adjctive
Miles’s approach to sentence style is the idea that the sentence unfolds in time by taking steps
Mother Goose poem This Is the House That Jack Built
4. How a sentence grows
addition
movement
level of generality
textures
4 principles
Logic of cumulative sentence level
5. Rymthm of cumulative sentences
The main appeal and power of coordinate cumulative construction comes from its distinctive rhythm and very simple logical relations among the steps the sentence takes.
motion without movement.
backfilling rather than moving forward
making it particularly effective when used to describe a process or to follow something that unfolds in time.
mixed
type
clauses
participal
gerund
infinitive
prep
phrases
verbs
verbals
compositon
left branch
mid branch
right brand
place
6. Cumulative sentences
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