英语特殊句式总结笔记
2022-10-21 09:25:41 0 举报AI智能生成
英语特殊句式总结笔记
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
倒装句
部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（系动词，情态动词，助动词）置于主语前
1、含否定意思的副词or词组置于句首，部分倒装
never;not;nor;hardly;seldom;barely;little;nowhere;by no means;at no time;by no way;in no case;rarely;on no condition（绝不）等
eg:Never in her life did she do such a thing.
I've tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.
Seldom do I go to the cinema because I don't really like it.
2、only+副词、介词短语、状语从句+助动词、情态动词、be+主语+谓语动词…
eg: Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only in this way can you improve your pronunciation.
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
only修饰主语时，句子不倒装
3、so(也)+情态动词、助动词、be+主语 Neither/nor(也不)+情态动词、助动词、be+主语
eg: You can swim,so can he.
I have never been abroad,neither(nor) has he.
如果句子既有肯定又有否定或谓语的形式不同，用so it is(was) with sb.(So it is/was the same with.)
→He likes watching football matches but he doesn't like playing football.
→So it is with me. So it is the same with me.
4、在“so/such…that…”句型中，将so/such+所修饰成分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装
So heavy is this bag that I can't carry it.
5、not only…but also...中，只有not only后面的句子要倒装。而neither...nor...连接的两个句子都要倒装。
Not only should we be brave,but also (we should) be cautious.
6、在no sooner...than...;hardly/scarcely...when...结构中，no sooner,hardly/scarcely位于句首时，主句倒装，从句不倒装
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
7、as/though引导让步状语从句，though可倒可不倒，as必倒
Successful as/though he is,he is not proud.
8、may表祝愿
May you succeed.
完全倒装：谓语动词全部置于主语前
1、There be句型
There is a garden behind the house.
2、表地点、方位或时间的副词或介词短语放在句首
here;there;now;then;up;down;in the room;on the wall;out;off...
Out rushed the children.
Here comes the bus.
Away went the girl.
当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装
Here it is.
3、表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为:表语+连系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.(adj.作表语)
强调句型
1、结构：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余部分
强调人用that/who(作宾语时可用whom),强调物用that
It is I that/who am right.
所强调的可以是单词、短语、从句，但结构要完整
It was Lucy that we meet at the school gate.(强调宾语)
被强调的成分是主语、宾语、状语，但不能是谓语、定语
It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(强调状语)
2、强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who +其他成分？
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
Is it Professor Wang that/who teaches you English?
3、强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was it that +其他成分？
Who was it that broke the window?
When was it that you called me yesterday?
What is it that you want me to do?
4、not...until...句型的强调句：It is/was not until...that+其他成分
It was not until ten o'clock that he went to bed.
It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.
5、强调句型中的it和形式主语的it比较
去掉It is/was和that，剩余部分仍能构成一个完整的句子，就是强调句。否则就不是。
It is there that accidents often happen. →Accident often happen there.（句子完整，强调句）
It is clear that not all boys like football. →Clear not all boys like football.(句子结构不完整，it作形式主语)
6、对谓语动词的强调用do/does/did
Do come this evening.
He did write to you last week.
7、强调句型It is/was...that... It is/was+时间+when/before从句 It is+时间+since从句 It was not long before...等句型的区别
①It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.(强调句)
②It was midnight when/before I got back home yesterday.（状语从句）
强调句中时间状语的表达：(都表示：他两年后回国。)
It was two years before he came back from abroad.(!before)
It was two years later that he came back from abroad.
8、有时可用It might be...that...或It must have been...that...句型
It might be his father that you're thinking of.
It must have been his brother that you saw.
省略
状语从句的省略
状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致，或从句主语是it，且谓语部分含有系动词be时，可将从句主语和be省略
Although (it is) small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.
Once (he was) a teather,he now works in a company.
He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.
可用so/not等来代替省略内容
It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.If so,we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
Get up early tomorrow.If not(If you don't get up early),you will miss the first bus.
不定式的省略
不定式作动词except,refuse,mean,like,love,prefer,wish,hope,want等的宾语时，常承前省略不定式后的内容，但保留不定式符号to。
I asked him to see the film,but he didn't want to.
当不定式在形容词glad,happy,pleased,delighted,anxious等后作状语时，to后的内容常承前省略。
→Will you join in the game? —I'd be glad to.
→Shall I go instead of him. →I prefer not to.(否定形式的省略用not to)
如果省略的不定式结构中含有be,have,have been，则要保留这些词。
→Are you monitor of our class?
→No,but I'd like to be.
反意疑问句
1、must
①must 表示“必须，有必要”时，疑问部分用mustn't;needn't. 若陈述部分有mustn't表“禁止”，疑问部分常用must.
→You must leave at once,mustn't/needn't you? →You mustn't laugh,must you?
②当must，用来表示对现在情况进行推测时，反义疑问句部分要根据must后的动词采用相应的形式。
He must be good at maths,isn't he?
He must go to the library , doesn't he?
③当must 表示对过去情况的推测，反意疑问句部分用didn't（有明确的表过去的时间状语），或用haven't/hasn't（没有明确的时间）
She must have read the novel last week , didn't she?
You must have told her about it , haven't you?
2、used to
反意疑问句用usedn't或didn't
He used to live in Paris , usedn't/didn't he?
3、否定词或半否定词
seldom,hardly,never,few,little,nothing,nobody,scarcely等，疑问部分用肯定形式。
He could hardly walk without a stick,could he?
They have never been to a American,have they?
4、“否定”意义前缀，反意疑问句部分用否定形式
It's unfair,isn't it?
Tom dislikes playing tennis,doesn't he?
5、宾语从句
①陈述部分主句含有think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,be sure等动词，且主语为第一人称，疑问部分主语和动词与宾语从句主语、时态一致。
I don't believe he will succeed,does he?
②若陈述部分主语是第二、三人称，疑问部分主语和助动词与主句一致。
Tom doesn't believe Jame will succeed,does he?
You thought that he would come to my birthday party,didn't you?
6、祈使句的反意疑问句
①否定陈述，will you?
Don't talk any more,will you?
②肯定陈述，will/won't you?
Fetch me a chair,will /won't you?
③Let's...,shall we?
Let's give him a hand,shall we?
④Let us...,will you?
Let us go and play football,will you?
7、回答反意疑问句时，只看所提到的事是否已发生，若发生，用肯定；未发生，用否定。
→You aren't a student,are you? →You are a student,aren't you?
→Yes,I am. →No,I am not.
要么肯定到底，要么否定到底
8、附加问句主语和陈述部分主语在人称、数量上保持一致的几种情况。
there be句型
1、there be 结构符合“就近一致”原则
There is a pen, two books,and many pencils on the desk.
2、there be 有多种时态
There is/was/will be /have been /can't be...
There have been many great changes in our country.
There must be some mistakes.
3、there be中的be有时可用seem to be, happen to be , is likely to be或 go, remain, stand, lie, exist, follow, live, come, occur等替换
There is likely to be something wrong with her computer.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
4、there be句型的非谓语形式
I never dreamed of three being a picture on the wall.
I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.
祈使句
1、祈使句的肯定式、否定式、强调式
Permit me to lead to the way, sir.
Don't be so sure.
Never come late.
Do come on time this evening.
2、为了加强感情色彩或指明向谁提出要求，祈使句可带主语或名称
Tom, you water the flowers!
3、祈使句+and+简单句，表示“如果...就...”
Study hard, and you will make progress.
Use your head, and you will find a better way.
4、祈使句+or /otherwise+简单句，表示“...否则...”
Follow your doctor's advise, or you heart attack will get worse.
Don't drive so fast, or /otherwise you'll have a accident.
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