英语形容词知识点学习笔记
2022-10-26 09:36:08 0 举报
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英语形容词知识点学习笔记
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大纲/内容
形容词的句法功能
①作定语
eg:
ⅠIt is an interesting book(interesting作前置定语)
Ⅱ Do you have anything important to tell me?(inportant作后置定语)
②作表语
eg:I was alone in the house.
③作补语
eg:
Ⅰ The good news made him happy(happy作宾语补语)
Ⅱ Lawrence was born rich.(rich作主语补语)
④作主语或宾语
eg:
Ⅰ The rich are.not always happy.(the rich 作主语)
Ⅱ There is lack of communication between the young and the old.(the young /the old作宾语)
⑤作状语
eg:
Ⅰ If necessary, I'll go instead of you.(necessary作状语)
Ⅱ You'd better drink the tea hot.(hot 作状语)
形容词的位置
规则:观点形容词(Opinion adjective)+描绘形容词(Descriptive adjective) 观点形容词:指完全表达个人主观上对事物的看法的形容词(eg:good lovely beautiful handsome comfortable) 描绘形容词:又称描述事实形容词(fact adjective),是指用来描述事物本身固有的特征的形容词,是对事物进行客观上的表述。 如事物的颜色:blue yellow dark white;事物的形状:round square
①限定词(a/an the this/that his one first)
②表示特征或性质等描述性的形容词(eg:good pretty )
③表示尺寸大小的形容词(big small long short high )
④表示形状(wide 宽 round square 方)
⑤表示新旧、年龄(new old young)
⑥表示颜色(black cyan 青色)
⑦表示国籍、出处、地区(English 英国的 American 美国的 southern 南方的)
⑧表示质地材料(wood 木质的stone 石质的silver 银的)
⑨表示用途类别(medical 医学的 writing 书写的)
顺序:限定词-观点形容词-尺寸大小-形状-新旧-国籍-出处-质地材料-用途-中心名词
形容词的词缀
①n.+y sun–sunny wind-windy
②v.+able advise-advisable comfort-comfortable
③n.+al nation-national education-educational
④n.+en wood-wooden gold-golden
⑤v.+ent differ–different insist-insistent
⑥n.+ish fool-foolish child-childish
⑦v.+ ive act-active impress-impressive
⑧n.+ful power-powerful faith-faithful
⑨n.+ous envy-envious courage-courageous
⑩n.+ly friend-friendly day-daily order-orderly time-timely
形容词的比较级变化
①一般形式
词尾加-er eg:strong-stronger
②以-e结尾的词
词尾只加-r eg:wide-wider brave-braver
③闭音节
先双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er eg:thin-thinner fat-fatter
④以辅音字母+y结尾的词
变y为i,再加-er eg:happy-happier angry –angrier busy -busier
⑤以-er 结尾的词
在词尾加-er eg : clever -cleverer
⑥以-ow 结尾的词
在词尾加-er eg : narrow -narrower mellow -mellower shallow -shallower
⑦以-le 结尾的词
在词尾加-r eg : simple-simpler gentle -gentler feeble -feebler
⑧大部分双音节词和多音节词
在单词前加more eg : difficult -more difficult wonderful -more wonderful
⑨具有两种变化的词
可在词尾加-er ,也可在单词前加more eg : clear, common, cruel, free, handsome, lively, often (常常), pleasant, polite, pretty, quite, secure, solid, stupid, timid (胆怯的;羞怯的),wicked (邪恶的)
形容词的最高级变化
①一般形式
词尾加-est eg:strong-strongest
②以-e结尾的词
词尾只加-st eg: wide-widest brave-bravest
③闭音节
先双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-est eg: thin-thinnest fat-fattest
④以辅音字母+y结尾的词
变y为i,再加-est eg:happy-happiest angry –angriest busy -busiest
⑤以-er 结尾的词
在词尾加-est eg : clever -cleverest
⑥以-ow 结尾的词
在词尾加-est eg : narrow -narrowest mellow -mellowest shallow -shallowest
⑦以-le 结尾的词
在词尾加-st eg : simple-simplest gentle -gentlest feeble -feeblest
⑧大部分双音节词和多音节词
在单词前加most eg : difficult -most difficult wonderful -most wonderful
⑨具有两种变化的词
可在词尾加-est,也可在单词前加modt eg : clear, common, cruel, free, handsome, lively, often (常常), pleasant, polite, pretty, quite, secure, solid, stupid, timid (胆怯的;羞怯的),wicked (邪恶的)
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