句子成分
2023-04-24 16:54:10 1 举报AI智能生成
英语语法
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
主干
主语
谓语的描述对象，一般为动作的发出者
通常为一个句子中第一个独立的名词或名词性结构
She went out in a hurry
Three is enough
Smoking is bad for you
位置通常位于句首，倒装句时除外
大部分主语由名词、代词、名词短语或从句充当
表现形式
名词（短语）、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、the+形容词、从句等
典型例句
A tree has fallen across the road.
A tree
名词
We often speak English in class.
We
代词
Three is enough.
Three
数词
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
To swim
动词不定式
Smoking does harm to the health.
Smoking
动名词
The rich should help the poor.
The rich
the +形容词→名词化的形容词
Whenever you are ready will be fine.
Whenever you are ready
从句
It is necessary to master a foreign language.
It
形式主语
to master a foreign language
真正主语
谓语
表示主语的动作，一般为动词，其人称和数必须与主语一致，有时态、语态和语气变化。
谓语/谓语动词是句子最核心的，必不可少的成分
通常为主语后的第一个独立的动词或动词性结构
只有动词/动词短语才能充当谓语
从句中的动词，不是谓语
主语前的动词，不是谓语
现在分词/过去分词前无助动词的不是谓语
四种变化
时态
情态
语态
否定形式
典型例句
四种变化判断
They are doing some exercise.
are doing
时态
现在进行时
He was killed by a single bullet in his heart.
was killed
语态
被动语态
I don't know any of them.
don't know
否定
I can do it myself.
can do
情态动词+动词原形
表现形式判断
He has caught a cold.
has caught
动词
You may keep the book for two weeks.
may keep
情态动词+动词原形
I would like to invite all my friends here.
would like to invite
其他动词+不定式
We are students.
are students
系动词+表语
He likes cold milk.
likes
动词
He works hard.
works
动词
I shall answer your question after class.
shall answer
助动词+动词
She can speak English very well.
can speak
情态动词+动词原形
The dictionary is mine.
is mine
系动词+表语
延展
简单谓语 & 复合谓语
非谓语动词
三种形式
doing
表主动,表进行
I saw a boy crying in a car.
done
表被动,表完成
Beaten by Tom, Bob was very sad.
to do
表将来
To become a scientist, you must work hard.
表现形式
动词（短语）、情态动词+动词原形、某些动词+不定式、系动词+表语
宾语
动作的承受者
一般在动词或介词后，通常是谓语后的第一个独立的名词或名词性结构
表现形式
名词、代词、数词、the+形容词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句
典型例句
You can leave your pet with me while travelling
your pet
名词
They won't hurt us.
us
代词
If you add 5 to 5, you get 10.
10
数词
I shall do my possible.
my possible
名词化形容词
我将尽力而为
He left there last week.
there
副词
She really mean to leave home.
to leave
动词不定式
Do you understand what I mean?
what I mean
从句
延展
形式宾语
不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从作宾语常用it 作形式宾语则把真正的宾语放在句后。
直接宾语&间接宾语
直接宾语
动作的直接承受者或结果 (一般是物）
间接宾语
动作对谁或者为谁而做的 (一般是人)
例句
Mother bougt me a shirt.
间接宾语me，直接宾语a shirt
表语
说明主语的性质、特征、身份、类别、状态等。
一般位于系动词(如 be，become，get，look，seem，turn 等)之后
表现形式：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词、介词短语、从句
典型例句
The banana is yellow.
yellow
形容词
The wedding was that Sunday.
that Sunday
名词
So that's that.
that
代词
We are seven.
seven
数词
Are you busy?
busy
形容词
Are you there?
there
副词
All I could do was to wait.
to wait
动词不定式
Complimenting（恭维） is lying.
lying
动名词
Is that why you were angry?
why you were angry
从句
This is where I first met her
where I first met her
从句
The show is from seven till ten.
from seven till ten.
介词短语
延展：系动词
把表语和其主语联系在一起，以说明主语的属性、特征或者状态
有自己的词义但不完整，不能独立作谓语，必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语
分类
感官系动词
feel
摸起来，感觉
Ice feels cold.冰感觉起来是凉的
smell
闻起来
The dish smells good.这菜闻起来很香
sound
听起来
It sounds a good idea.这听起来是个好主意
taste
尝起来
This food tastes good.这菜好吃
持续系动词
keep
保持
I hope you'll keep fit.我希望你身体好
remain
仍是
The door remained closed.门仍然关着
stay
保持
He stayed single.他仍然是单身。
stand
经得起，忍受
Can you stand Mary coming home late ?你能忍受玛丽这么晚回家吗
表象系动词
seem
看起来好像
He seems (to be) quite happy.他好像很快活
appear
看起来好像
He appeared quite well.他显得身体相当好。
look
看起来
He looks tired.他看起来很累。
变化系动词
become
变成，成为
They became good friends.他们成了好朋友
grow
渐渐变得
It's growing warm.天气渐渐暖和起来
turn
转变成,变质
Maple trees turn red in autumn枫叶在秋天变红
fall
进入某种状态
His father fell ill and died.我的父亲生病死了
get
变成，变得
She soon got bored with the job.厌倦了这工作
go
变成(坏的状态)
The tire went flat.轮胎瘪了
状态系动词
be
是
I am a student.我是一个学生
修饰
定语
对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的句子成分，它说明人或物的状态、品质、数量及所属关系等
2种位置
前置定语
【单个词】作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前
后置定语
【短语或从句】作定语时，往往放在被修饰词之后
表现形式
名词、形容词、代词、数词、副词、名词所有格、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词(短语)、介词短语、从句
典型例句
Mary is a responsible teacher
responsible
形容词，前置
His father works in a steel work
steel
名词，前置
There are 54 students in our class.
54
数词，前置
Do you know Betty's sister?
Betty's
名词所有格，前置
He bought some sleeping pills.
sleeping
动名词，前置
The girl in red is his sister
in red
介词短语，后置
We have a lot of work to do
to do
动词不定式，后置
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter
standing under the tree
分词短语，后置
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
who spoke just now
从句，后置
状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词以及句子，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的等，在句子中位置比较灵活，句首、句中、句尾都可以
分类
时间、原因、地点、目的、让步、程度、条件、结果、方式、比较、伴随
表型形式
副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、状语从句或相当于副词的词或短语
典型例句
The plane will take off in a few minutes
in a few minutes
时间
Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.
because of the rain
原因
I shall go there if it doesn't rain.
if it doesn't rain.
条件
There are plenty of fish in the lake.
in the lake
地点
He ran fast to catch the train.
to catch the train
目的
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
that he fell asleep immediately
结果
l am taller than he is
than he is
比较
The river is very long.
very
程度
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
with a dictionary in her hand.
伴随
She cut the apple with a knife.
with a knife.
方式
She works very hard though she is old.
very
程度
though she is old
让步
同位语
同位语用于解释说明另一个名词或代词，且与其前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等的地位
多位于其解释说明的名词或代词之后。
表现形式
名词、代词、动名词、数词、从句等
典型例句
We girls often go to the movies together.
girls
名词
His jokes made us all laugh.
all
代词
You two come and sit here.
two
数词
宾语补足语
补充说明宾语的意义、状态等
表语可以理解为主语补足语
宾语补足语通常置于宾语之后
假如没有补语，整个句子就不完整，也没有任何意义
在宾语和补语之间加 be动词或其他动词能组成新句，且新句与原句语意一致
表现形式
名词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)
典型例句
He has had his hair cut
cut
动词的过去分词
They named the child Jimmy.
Jimmy
名词
My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister.
my sister
名词短语
He boiled the egg hard.
hard（煮老了）
形容词
I found the book very interesting.
very interesting
形容词（短语）
She asked me to lend her a hand.
to lend her a hand
不定式
Do you smell something burning
burning
动词的现在分词
独立成分
感叹词
表示说话人的情绪，也可以用来打招呼
Hello、aha、oh
插入语
句子的修饰语，可插入到句子中的各个位置，不影响句子中心意思的结构。
I think、of course、 I mean、you know
插入语形式
插入语一般用逗号（，）或破折号（—）隔开
插入语位置灵活，可插入到句子任何位置
Tom, in my opinion, likes Lily.
In my opinion, Tom likes Lily.
Tom likes Lily, in my opinion.
常见插入语
to be frank
in my eyss
in my opinion
as we know
according to...
称呼词
说话人对沟通对象的直接称呼
Boys and girls、Sir
0 条评论
下一页
