主谓一致
2023-04-26 11:11:59 0 举报AI智能生成
高中英语语法
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谓语动词在【人称】和【数】上要和主语保持一致
定义
work -- works
create -- creates
词尾+s
teach -- teaches
fix -- fixes
动词以ch、sh、s、x、o结尾，+es
cries
cry
plays
play
replies
reply
buys
a、e、i、o、u
元音字母
buy
以辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i+es
单数
动词原形
复数
实义动词
is/am/was
are/were
be动词
have/do
has/does
助动词
有些男孩不喜欢定期洗澡。
Some boys don't like to bath regularly.
她早点吃得不多。
She doesn't eat much breakfast.
当谓语动词前有助动词时，则单复数形式应体现在助动词上
动词写法
谓语动词与主语在单、复数形式上保持一致
The dog is a useful animal.
【可数名词单数】作主语
Water is necessary for living things.
【不可数名词】作主语
学语法不像你想象的那么难
To learn grammar is not so difficult as you think.
【动词不定式/不定式短语】作主语
阅读对学语言很有帮助
Reading is of much help for learning a language
【动名词/动名词短语】作主语
考试后是轻松的时间
After the exam is the time to relax.
【介词短语】作主语
他来不来还不知道
Whether he will come or not is unknown.
When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet
How and why he came to this city is unknown.
【how and why】 与【when and where】
What I saw was / were two books. 我所看到的是两本书
当主句表语为复数名词时，谓语动词可用复数，也可用单数形式
【单个从句】作主语
每个人都在这里
Everyone is here
他们两都不想去北京
Neither of them wants go to Beijing.
没有什么是不可能的
Nothing is impossible.
【不定代词】作主语或修饰主语
11 times 3 is 33.
【加减乘除运算】
《一千零一夜》很有趣
The Arabian Nights is very interesting.
奥运会以参赛各国运动员的列队行进开始。
The Olympic Games begin with a parade of all the competing nations.
the Olympic Games
the Ural Mountains(乌拉尔山脉)
等
某些本身以s结尾的除外
【专用名词】（如: 书名，戏剧名，报刊名，国家<组织名>）
有一根半香蕉已经被吃完了
One and a half bananas has been eaten.
【one and a half+复数名词】作主语
许多坚强的人遇到这种困难都动摇了
Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge.
【many a+名词】作主语
译为“…的数量”
The number of students in this class is 40.
【the number of+名词复数】作主语
不止一个学生读过这本书。
More than one student has read the book.
【more than one+名词】作主语
一两个学生没来上课
A student or two is absent from the class.
【a/an+名词+or two】作主语
谓语动词用单数的情况
他举止良好
We girls like watching movies.
【可数名词复数】作主语
纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题
Both New York and London have traffic problems.
【由and 和both... and…连接的两个名词】作主语（哪怕连接的数不可数名词）
What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery .
由and连接的两个从句作主语，表示两件事情
Both of us are teachers.
【several，both，few，many等修饰名词】作主语
中国方面的态度非常积极，并富有成效。
The Chinese have been extremely positive and productive.
【the+表示“国家的，民族的”形容词】作主语
译为“很多/大量的”
A number of students are going for a picnic tomorrow.
a number of+名词复数
More students than one have read the book.
【more+名词复数+than one】作主语
One or two students are absent from the class.
【one or two+复数名词】作主语
谓语动词用复数的情况
名词为单数/不可数，谓语用单数
名词为复数，谓语用复数
are
这个班20%的学生来自日本
Twenty percent of the students ___ from Japan.
is
地球表面的四分之主是海。
Three fourths of the surface of the earth ___ sea.
例句
【分数/百分数+of+名词】作主语
people可数，用复数
很多人参加了这次活动
A lot of people have taken part in the activity.
water不可数，用单数
大量的水流失了
Lots of water is lost.
【a lot of、lots of、plenty of、most of 、none of+名词】作主语
My shoes are white.
前面没有量词修饰的时候，用复数
A pair of shoes is under the bed.
Two pairs of shoes are under the bed.
当有量词修饰时，需要根据量词的数来决定
表【人】时，谓语用复数
表【物】时，谓语用单数
大家都希望休息一会儿
All ___eager to have a rest.
结果好，一切都好。
All ___well that ends well.
【all】单独作主语
the population ，用单数
分数 +population，用复数
你们镇的人口多少?
What is the population of your town?
我们国家大约有百分之八十的人口是农民
About eighty percent of the population in our country are farmers.
【population】作主语
跟先行词的单、复数形式保持一致
在“one of + 名词复数 +定语从句”结构中，一般用复数
The girl who is speaking on the stage ___Zhang Li's sister.
The children that ___ playing games over there are from Hunan。
Li Lei is one of the students who__ good at English.
Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America.
定语从句中谓语动词
灵活判断的情况
语法一致原则
谓语动词和主语所表达的概念（意义上的单复数）一致
英国人喜欢谈论天气
English people are fond of talking about weather.
牛是农民的朋友
Cattle are farmers’ friends.
主语是事物的总称且有生命（如people <人们，人民>，cattle，police，youth等
The Blacks enjoy working in China.
表“一家人”
the+姓氏复数
a/an、the
and后面无冠词，用单数
and后面有冠词，用复数
Every hour and every minute is spread important
名词前有each、every、no 等修饰语，用单数
Where___your fork and knife?
Li Lei and Liu Mei ___both interested in English.
I' m told that the singer and dancer __is_ ill today.
I' m told that the singer and the dancer _are__ ill today.
enjoys
Every boy and every girl ___(enjoy) themselves in the school.
He and she ___ good friends.
___ the bread and butter enough for you two?
has
Many a teacher and many a student ___ spoken at the meeting.
主语为由and连接的两个或多个名词
表【抽象概念】时，用单数
表【某类人】时，用复数
富人们也不总是开心
The rich ___ not always happy.
gives
新陈代谢
The old ___(give) place to the new.
the +形容词
一般用单数
My mathematics are weak
主语为学科名词
That sheep ___ alive.
Those sheep ___ grazing in the fields.
Be动词用单数
that/who后跟的谓语动词形式与主语保持一致
was
It ___ Lin Tao who called you just now.
is/are
It ___ you that ___going to be invited to the party.
【It +be+被强调部分+that/who强调句型】
表示集体概念，谓语动词用单数
表示集体中的成员、谓语动词用复数
他的队伍是这次篮球比赛的胜方。
His team _____ the winner of the basketball game.
他们队在跟教练谈话。
His team _____ talking with the coach.
当被看作一个整体时，用单数
当与pass、go by等连用指时间的流逝，或者与spend，waste 等连用指时间或金钱的花费时，用复数
Two years ___ a long time.
have
主语为时间、金钱、距离、重量等
意义一致原则
谓语单复数取决于最靠近它的主语
am
He or I ___ in the wrong.
或
or
Either my father or my brothers ___ coming.
Either my brothers or my father ___ coming.
或者…或者…
either...or....
Neither he nor you ___ to blame.
Neither you or I ___ wrong.
既不…也不…
neither...nor...
Not you but I ___ to blame.
doesn't want/wants
Not his parents but he ___(want) to go.
不是…而是…
not...but...
Not only the students but also their teacher___ enjoying the film.
Not only the teacher but also the students ___ enjoying the film.
不仅…而且…
not only...but also...
There ___ a teacher and seventy students in the classroom.
There___ seventy students and a teacher in the classroom.
有
there be
就近原则
后面部分本质上都是插入语，谓语动词取决于它们前面的中心词
A woman with two children has come.
和...一起
along with/together with/with
和…一样
as well as
Boys such as John are very friendly.
像…一样
like/such as
是你而不是我要去要野营
You rather than I are going to go camping.
而不是
rather than
All but one were here just now.
除了
but/except
My father，no less than I，is a baseball fan.
不亚于
no less than
就远原则
就近/就远原则
If I were a bird，I would fly in the sky freely.
在某些虚拟语气的句子中，无论主语是谁，be 动词总是为were 的形式
这首歌又唱起来了
Here goes the song again.
墙上挂着毕加索的一些画，
On the wall hang some pictures by Picasso.
倒装句中，谓语动词应与后面的主语保持一致
其他情况
三个原则
there be 就近原则
There are some apples and a cup of tea on the table.
不定代词作主语
is
Everybody except you ___ looking at me.
主语为集合名词，表集体中成员
like
My family ___ fruit.
and连接多个主语前有every
needs
the+形容词，表一类人
are/are
表概念
is/is
主语是事物的总称且有生命
The police ___ searching for the thief.
加减乘除运算
20 divided by 4 __ 5.
专有名词、国家
The United States ___ founded in 1776.
the+形容词，表抽象概念
不可能的事情常常被证明是可能的
The impossible ___(have) often proved possible．
分数+名词，看名词而定
Two-thirds of the students in our class ___girls.
分数+population
Three fifths of the population here___ workers.
虚拟语气
were
简单题
means
is constructed
“这使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”
句意
考查时态和主谓一致
“excites”→一般现在时，主语是it→means。
考查时态、语态和主谓一致
construct与the moon之间是被动关系→被动语态 be ~ed，上文→一般现在时→is/are ~ed，the moon为单数→is ~ed
思路
解析
D has remained
20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平
时态和主谓一致
考点
ever since→现在完成时态，排除1、3
the number of→单数，has
B has given
在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出
时态与主谓一致
in the last three months→现在完成时，排除1、4
主语为the musician，第三人称单数，句中的“along with~”是附加成分，就远原则，has~
在19个被公认的北极熊亚群中，3个北极熊亚群的数量正在下降，6个北极熊亚群的数量保持稳定，1个北极熊数量亚群的正在上升，9个北极熊亚群的数量还缺乏足够的数据。
考察时态和主谓一致
three are declining→are
尽管有规律的跑步并不能让你长生不老，但医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命
主谓一致和时态
叙述的事实→一般现在时
主语it→单数is
C
《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位
先行词是Great Expectations，书名，用单数，排除2、4
strengthened→过去，was
B
如今，骑自行车、慢跑和游泳现在被认为是最全面的锻炼方式
主谓一致，动词固定搭配
cycling主语+along with~，就远原则，动名词用单数形式，排除1、3
动词短语，be regarded as\"被认为是…\"
补充，nowadays，一般现在时
A was regarded D were regarded
在摇滚音乐会听嘈杂的音乐会会引起一些青少年的听力丧失
主谓一致以及时态、语态
主语为动名词listening，用单数形式，排除2、4
根据语意，非被动含义，用现在完成时，选C
A
像莎士比亚这样的诗人们的作品被广泛地阅读，然而，有些作品是很难理解的。
主谓一致
such as 就远原则，主语poets用复数，排除2、4
some指代works，用复数，are
D
工厂用了这种原材料的65%，剩余部分节省出来作他用。
定语从句中先行词是the raw materials，用复数，排除1、3
used→过去式，选D
这个国家国土面积的三分之一被森林覆盖，公民中的大部分是黑人
考查主谓一致
分数+名词，country为单数，用is，排除3、4
the majority of+名词，citizens为可数名词复数，用are
自从1990以来，来中国大学的外国学生数量一直平稳增长
the number of，用单数，排除2、4
since 1990，现在完成时，选C
老师和学生们正在讨论最近在美国出版的《阅读技巧》
the teacher为主语，together with后为插入语，就远原则，用单数，排除1，3
定语从句，先行词为Reading Skills，书名，用单数，选D
要么你要么你的一个学生要参加明天的会议
either …or，就近原则，one of your students为单数，用is
Dr.Smith和他的妻子、女儿准备这个夏天去北京
主语Dr.Smith，together with为插入语，就远原则，用单数，排除2、4
一项由专家发表的研究显示，每周三个小时的户外锻炼有益身体健康
主语为A survey，用单数，排除1、3
时间作主语，无pass等表流逝或waste等表花费等词，用单数，选B
James 教授将会给我们带来一个关于西方文化的演讲，但是具体时间和地点还没确定
when and where，用单数，排除2、4
yet→现在完成时，选A
真题
练一练
可数名词
物质
概念
不可数名词
名词
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