主谓一致
2023-04-26 11:11:59 0 举报AI智能生成
高中英语语法
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
定义
谓语动词在【人称】和【数】上要和主语保持一致
动词写法
实义动词
单数
词尾+s
work -- works
create -- creates
动词以ch、sh、s、x、o结尾，+es
teach -- teaches
fix -- fixes
以辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i+es
cry
cries
play
plays
reply
replies
buy
buys
元音字母
a、e、i、o、u
复数
动词原形
be动词
单数
is/am/was
复数
are/were
助动词
复数
have/do
单数
has/does
当谓语动词前有助动词时，则单复数形式应体现在助动词上
Some boys don't like to bath regularly.
有些男孩不喜欢定期洗澡。
She doesn't eat much breakfast.
她早点吃得不多。
三个原则
语法一致原则
谓语动词与主语在单、复数形式上保持一致
谓语动词用单数的情况
【可数名词单数】作主语
The dog is a useful animal.
【不可数名词】作主语
Water is necessary for living things.
【动词不定式/不定式短语】作主语
To learn grammar is not so difficult as you think.
学语法不像你想象的那么难
【动名词/动名词短语】作主语
Reading is of much help for learning a language
阅读对学语言很有帮助
【介词短语】作主语
After the exam is the time to relax.
考试后是轻松的时间
【单个从句】作主语
Whether he will come or not is unknown.
他来不来还不知道
【how and why】 与【when and where】
When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet
How and why he came to this city is unknown.
当主句表语为复数名词时，谓语动词可用复数，也可用单数形式
What I saw was / were two books. 我所看到的是两本书
【不定代词】作主语或修饰主语
Everyone is here
每个人都在这里
Neither of them wants go to Beijing.
他们两都不想去北京
Nothing is impossible.
没有什么是不可能的
【加减乘除运算】
11 times 3 is 33.
【专用名词】（如: 书名，戏剧名，报刊名，国家<组织名>）
The Arabian Nights is very interesting.
《一千零一夜》很有趣
某些本身以s结尾的除外
the Olympic Games
The Olympic Games begin with a parade of all the competing nations.
奥运会以参赛各国运动员的列队行进开始。
the Ural Mountains(乌拉尔山脉)
等
【one and a half+复数名词】作主语
One and a half bananas has been eaten.
有一根半香蕉已经被吃完了
【many a+名词】作主语
Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge.
许多坚强的人遇到这种困难都动摇了
【the number of+名词复数】作主语
The number of students in this class is 40.
译为“…的数量”
【more than one+名词】作主语
More than one student has read the book.
不止一个学生读过这本书。
【a/an+名词+or two】作主语
A student or two is absent from the class.
一两个学生没来上课
谓语动词用复数的情况
【可数名词复数】作主语
We girls like watching movies.
他举止良好
【由and 和both... and…连接的两个名词】作主语（哪怕连接的数不可数名词）
Both New York and London have traffic problems.
纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题
由and连接的两个从句作主语，表示两件事情
What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery .
【several，both，few，many等修饰名词】作主语
Both of us are teachers.
【the+表示“国家的，民族的”形容词】作主语
The Chinese have been extremely positive and productive.
中国方面的态度非常积极，并富有成效。
a number of+名词复数
A number of students are going for a picnic tomorrow.
译为“很多/大量的”
【more+名词复数+than one】作主语
More students than one have read the book.
不止一个学生读过这本书。
【one or two+复数名词】作主语
One or two students are absent from the class.
灵活判断的情况
【分数/百分数+of+名词】作主语
名词为单数/不可数，谓语用单数
名词为复数，谓语用复数
例句
Twenty percent of the students ___ from Japan.
这个班20%的学生来自日本
are
Three fourths of the surface of the earth ___ sea.
地球表面的四分之主是海。
is
【a lot of、lots of、plenty of、most of 、none of+名词】作主语
名词为单数/不可数，谓语用单数
名词为复数，谓语用复数
例句
A lot of people have taken part in the activity.
很多人参加了这次活动
people可数，用复数
Lots of water is lost.
大量的水流失了
water不可数，用单数
【两个对应部分组成一体的可数名词】（如trousers,pants,shoes,chopsticks, glasses等）作主语
前面没有量词修饰的时候，用复数
My shoes are white.
当有量词修饰时，需要根据量词的数来决定
A pair of shoes is under the bed.
Two pairs of shoes are under the bed.
【all】单独作主语
表【人】时，谓语用复数
表【物】时，谓语用单数
例句
All ___eager to have a rest.
大家都希望休息一会儿
are
All ___well that ends well.
结果好，一切都好。
is
【population】作主语
the population ，用单数
分数 +population，用复数
例句
What is the population of your town?
你们镇的人口多少?
About eighty percent of the population in our country are farmers.
我们国家大约有百分之八十的人口是农民
定语从句中谓语动词
跟先行词的单、复数形式保持一致
在“one of + 名词复数 +定语从句”结构中，一般用复数
当 one 前面有 the,the very, the less, the only 或形容词最高级修饰时，用单数
例句
The girl who is speaking on the stage ___Zhang Li's sister.
is
The children that ___ playing games over there are from Hunan。
are
Li Lei is one of the students who__ good at English.
are
Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America.
is
意义一致原则
谓语动词和主语所表达的概念（意义上的单复数）一致
谓语动词用复数的情况
主语是事物的总称且有生命（如people <人们，人民>，cattle，police，youth等
English people are fond of talking about weather.
英国人喜欢谈论天气
Cattle are farmers’ friends.
牛是农民的朋友
the+姓氏复数
表“一家人”
The Blacks enjoy working in China.
灵活判断的情况
主语为由and连接的两个或多个名词
and后面无冠词，用单数
a/an、the
and后面有冠词，用复数
名词前有each、every、no 等修饰语，用单数
Every hour and every minute is spread important
例句
Where___your fork and knife?
is
Li Lei and Liu Mei ___both interested in English.
are
I' m told that the singer and dancer __is_ ill today.
is
I' m told that the singer and the dancer _are__ ill today.
are
Every boy and every girl ___(enjoy) themselves in the school.
enjoys
He and she ___ good friends.
are
___ the bread and butter enough for you two?
is
Many a teacher and many a student ___ spoken at the meeting.
has
the +形容词
表【抽象概念】时，用单数
表【某类人】时，用复数
例句
The rich ___ not always happy.
富人们也不总是开心
are
The old ___(give) place to the new.
新陈代谢
gives
主语为学科名词
一般用单数
有物主代词、the、such等修饰,，用复数
例句
My mathematics are weak
单复数同形的名词作主语（means<方法>works <工厂>，sheep, deer, fish），根据句意判断
That sheep ___ alive.
is
Those sheep ___ grazing in the fields.
are
【It +be+被强调部分+that/who强调句型】
Be动词用单数
that/who后跟的谓语动词形式与主语保持一致
例句
It ___ Lin Tao who called you just now.
was
It ___ you that ___going to be invited to the party.
is/are
主语是集合名词(如family, team, class，company，government等）
表示集体概念，谓语动词用单数
表示集体中的成员、谓语动词用复数
例句
His team _____ the winner of the basketball game.
他的队伍是这次篮球比赛的胜方。
is
His team _____ talking with the coach.
他们队在跟教练谈话。
are
主语为时间、金钱、距离、重量等
当被看作一个整体时，用单数
当与pass、go by等连用指时间的流逝，或者与spend，waste 等连用指时间或金钱的花费时，用复数
例句
Two years ___ a long time.
is
Six months ___ passed, and we still have no news of them.
have
就近/就远原则
就近原则
谓语单复数取决于最靠近它的主语
or
或
He or I ___ in the wrong.
am
either...or....
或者…或者…
Either my father or my brothers ___ coming.
are
Either my brothers or my father ___ coming.
is
neither...nor...
既不…也不…
Neither he nor you ___ to blame.
are
Neither you or I ___ wrong.
am
not...but...
不是…而是…
Not you but I ___ to blame.
am
Not his parents but he ___(want) to go.
doesn't want/wants
not only...but also...
不仅…而且…
Not only the students but also their teacher___ enjoying the film.
is
Not only the teacher but also the students ___ enjoying the film.
are
there be
有
There ___ a teacher and seventy students in the classroom.
is
There___ seventy students and a teacher in the classroom.
are
就远原则
后面部分本质上都是插入语，谓语动词取决于它们前面的中心词
along with/together with/with
和...一起
Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film.
A woman with two children has come.
as well as
和…一样
The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there.
like/such as
像…一样
Boys such as John are very friendly.
rather than
而不是
You rather than I are going to go camping.
是你而不是我要去要野营
but/except
除了
All but one were here just now.
no less than
不亚于
My father，no less than I，is a baseball fan.
其他情况
在某些虚拟语气的句子中，无论主语是谁，be 动词总是为were 的形式
If I were a bird，I would fly in the sky freely.
倒装句中，谓语动词应与后面的主语保持一致
Here goes the song again.
这首歌又唱起来了
On the wall hang some pictures by Picasso.
墙上挂着毕加索的一些画，
练一练
简单题
There are some apples and a cup of tea on the table.
are
there be 就近原则
I, along with my friends, ___going to the beach this weekend.
am
就远原则
Everybody except you ___ looking at me.
is
就远原则
不定代词作主语
My family ___ fruit.
like
主语为集合名词，表集体中成员
Every man,woman,and child___(need) love.
needs
and连接多个主语前有every
The good ___well rewarded, and the bad ___ punished.
are/are
the+形容词，表一类人
is/is
表概念
The police ___ searching for the thief.
are
主语是事物的总称且有生命
20 divided by 4 __ 5.
is
加减乘除运算
The United States ___ founded in 1776.
is
专有名词、国家
The impossible ___(have) often proved possible．
不可能的事情常常被证明是可能的
has
the+形容词，表抽象概念
Two-thirds of the students in our class ___girls.
are
分数+名词，看名词而定
Three fifths of the population here___ workers.
are
分数+population
If he were here, I would talk to him face to face.
were
虚拟语气
真题
means
is constructed
解析
句意
“这使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学
家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”
家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”
思路
“excites”→一般现在时，主语是it→means。
考查时态和主谓一致
construct与the moon之间是被动关系→被动语态 be ~ed，上文→一般现在时→is/are ~ed，the moon为单数→is ~ed
考查时态、语态和主谓一致
D has remained
解析
句意
20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18
所，此后一直保持在这个水平
所，此后一直保持在这个水平
考点
时态和主谓一致
思路
ever since→现在完成时态，排除1、3
the number of→单数，has
B has given
解析
句意
在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的
乐队成员已经完成了十场演出
乐队成员已经完成了十场演出
考点
时态与主谓一致
思路
in the last three months→现在完成时，排除1、4
主语为the musician，第三人称单数，句中的“along with~”是附加成分，就远原则，has~
are
解析
句意
在19个被公认的北极熊亚群中，3个北极熊亚群的数量正在下降，6个北极熊亚群的数量保持稳定，1个北极熊数量亚群的正在上升，9个北极熊亚群的数量还缺乏足够的数据。
考点
考察时态和主谓一致
思路
three are declining→are
is
解析
句意
尽管有规律的跑步并不能让你长生不老，但医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命
考点
主谓一致和时态
思路
叙述的事实→一般现在时
主语it→单数is
C
解析
句意
《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位
考点
时态和主谓一致
思路
先行词是Great Expectations，书名，用单数，排除2、4
strengthened→过去，was
B
解析
句意
如今，骑自行车、慢跑和游泳现在被认为是最全面的锻炼方式
考点
主谓一致，动词固定搭配
思路
cycling主语+along with~，就远原则，动名词用单数形式，排除1、3
动词短语，be regarded as"被认为是…"
补充，nowadays，一般现在时
A was regarded
D were regarded
D were regarded
C
解析
句意
在摇滚音乐会听嘈杂的音乐会会引起一
些青少年的听力丧失
些青少年的听力丧失
考点
主谓一致以及时态、语态
思路
主语为动名词listening，用单数形式，排除2、4
根据语意，非被动含义，用现在完成时，选C
A
解析
句意
像莎士比亚这样的诗人们的作品被广泛地阅读，然而，有些作品是很难理解的。
考点
主谓一致
思路
such as 就远原则，主语poets用复数，排除2、4
some指代works，用复数，are
D
解析
句意
工厂用了这种原材料的65%，剩余部分节省出来作他用。
考点
主谓一致和时态
思路
定语从句中先行词是the raw materials，用复数，排除1、3
used→过去式，选D
A
解析
句意
这个国家国土面积的三分之一被森林覆盖，公民中的大部分是黑人
考点
考查主谓一致
思路
分数+名词，country为单数，用is，排除3、4
the majority of+名词，citizens为可数名词复数，用are
C
解析
句意
自从1990以来，来中国大学的外国学生数量一直平稳增长
考点
主谓一致和时态
思路
the number of，用单数，排除2、4
since 1990，现在完成时，选C
D
解析
句意
老师和学生们正在讨论最近在美国出版的《阅读技巧》
考点
主谓一致
思路
the teacher为主语，together with后为插入语，就远原则，用单数，排除1，3
定语从句，先行词为Reading Skills，书名，用单数，选D
B
解析
句意
要么你要么你的一个学生要参加明天的会议
考点
主谓一致
思路
either …or，就近原则，one of your students为单数，用is
A
解析
句意
Dr.Smith和他的妻子、女儿准备这个夏天去北京
考点
主谓一致和时态
思路
主语Dr.Smith，together with为插入语，就远原则，用单数，排除2、4
时间状语是this summer, 表计划性的将来，用一般将来时，选A
B
解析
句意
一项由专家发表的研究显示，每周三个小时的户外锻炼有益身体健康
考点
主谓一致
思路
主语为A survey，用单数，排除1、3
时间作主语，无pass等表流逝或waste等表花费等词，用单数，选B
A
解析
句意
James 教授将会给我们带来一个关于西方文化的演讲，但是具体时间和地点还没确定
考点
主谓一致和时态
思路
when and where，用单数，排除2、4
yet→现在完成时，选A
名词
可数名词
不可数名词
物质
概念
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