非谓语动词
2023-04-24 16:52:31 2 举报
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定义:英语句子中不作谓语的动词
一个句子里只有一个谓语动词
除谓语动词之外的其他动词都是非谓语动词
例
I like to learn English.
to learn
动词不定式
I like learning English.
learning
动名词
I like learn English.
错误用法
总结
动词不定式to learn或动名词learning作宾语的一部分,并不是谓语成分,称之为谓语动词
形式
to do
动词不定式
doing
动名词
分词
现在分词(doing)
表示正在发生、表主动
过去分词(done)
表被动、完成的
句子成分
to do
作主语
To swim in the river is dangerous.
It is dangerous to swim in the river.
不定式作主语时往往放在谓语之后用it作形式主语。
作定语
I have a lot of work to do.
我有很多工作要做。
作表语
Her job is to clean the hall.
她的工作是打扫大厅。
作宾语
I offered to help her,but she refused.
我主动提出帮助她,但是她拒绝了
知识点
动词不定式作宾语时,位于及物动词之后
常用动词及词组
同意提出做计划
agree/offer/intend/plan
要求答应来帮忙
demand/ask/promise/help
准备决定遭拒绝
prepare/decide/refuse
敢于选择有希望
dare/choose/wish/hope/want/expect
不能做到莫假装
fail/pretend
设法做成决心坚
manage/determine
不定式作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语
常用动词: feel,think,find,make等
I find it interesting to play with him.
作宾语补足语
He asked me to do the work with him.
他要求我和他一起做这个工作.
常用动词:ask,tell, advise,allow等
作状语
I came here to visit my friends.
我来这里是为了拜访我的朋友们
表目的
We were very excited to hear this thing.
听到这件事我们都很兴奋
表原因
He hurried to home to find nobody there.
他匆忙赶回家却发现家里没人
表结果
动名词
作主语
Growing flowers is my hobby.
种花是我的爱好
作宾语
Tom enjoys taking photos.
汤姆享欢拍照片
常用动词及词组
喜欢考虑不可免
enjoy/consider/escape/avoid
停止放弃太冒险
stop/give up/risk
介意想象莫推延
mind/imagine/delay/put off
要求完成是期望
require/finish/look forward to
建议继续勤练习
suggest/go on/practice
继续注意使成功
keep on/mind/succeed in
作表语
Your task is cleaning the tables.
你的任务是擦这些桌子
表语动名词与主语通常是对等关系,所以句子中主语和表语可以互换位置。
Cleaning the tables is your task.
作定语
swimming pool
游泳池
reading material
阅读材料
动名词作定语不普遍,一般表示被修饰的词的用途或性能。
分词
分类
现在分词(doing)
通常具有主动和进行的含义
The girl standing by the door is my sister.
站在门边上的那个女生是我的妹妹
表示正在进行和主动
Seeing from the top of the building, we can get a full view.
从大楼顶部看去,我们能看到全景
表示主动
过去分词(done)
通常具有被动和完成的含义
The project made by her will be discussed.
她所做的项目将被讨论
表示被动
作表语
The story is interesting.
这个故事很有趣。
They were very excited at the news.
听到这个消息,他们非常激动。
考点
分词表示人物的状态:~ed,意为“感到…”
Traveling makes people excited.
旅行让人感到兴奋
分词表示事物的状态:~ing,意为“令人…”
This is an exciting game.
这是一个令人激动的游戏
作定语
He is a well-known English teacher.
他是位有名的英语老师
The sleeping boy is Tom.
这个睡觉的男孩是汤姆
考点
单个分词作定语通常前置
分词短语作定语通常后置
The house built there is mine
建在那儿的房子是我的
作状语
Talking and laughing,they walked into the classroom.
他们有说有笑地走进了教室
考点
分词和主语为主动关系,用现在分词
分词和主语为被动关系,用过去分词
若分词动作已完成用分词的完成式
Having finished the work, she went on to watch TV.
做完作业后,她接着去看电视了
作宾语补足语
I found him lying on the grass.
我发现他躺在草地上
宾语主动
I considered this work finished.
我认为这个工作完成了
宾语被动
时态与语态
动词不定式的时态与语态(以do为例)
一般时
主动
to do
被动
to be done
进行时
主动
to be doing
被动
无
完成时
主动
to have done
被动
to have been done
完成进行时
主动
to have been doing
被动
无
分词的时态与语态(以do为例)
现在分词
一般时
主动
doing
被动
being done
完成时
主动
having done
被动
having been done
过去分词
一般时
主动
done
被动
无
其他
省略to 的动词不定式
情态动词
ought 除外,ought to
can may
使役动词
let、make、have等
感官动词
see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear,listen to, smell, feel, find等后作宾语省略to
在被动语态中不能省略
I saw her dance.
She was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
They were made to work the whole night.
why…/why not…
help 可带可不带
help sb.(to) do sth.
当两个或多个不定式短语由连词and,but,or连接时后一个或后几个不定式to常常省略,但如果表示对比关系时,则不能省略
口诀
一感
feel sb. do sth.
二听
listen to/hear sb. do sth.
三使
let/make/have sb. do sth.
四看
see/notice/observe/watch sb. do sth.
半帮助
help sb.(to) do sth
后面只加 to do 的搭配
想要拒绝命令,决定告诉教警
想要某人做某事
want sb. (not) to do sth.
要求某人做某事
ask sb.(not) to do sth.
拒绝某人做某事
refuse sb.(not) to do sth.
命令某人做某事
order sb.(not) to do sth.
决定做某事
decide to do sth.
告诉某人做某事
tell sb.(not) to do sth
教某人做某事
teach sb.(not) to do sth.
警告某人做某事
warn sb.(not) to do sth.
后面只加doing的搭配
保持做某事
keep doing
喜欢做某事
enjoy doing
介意做某事
mind doing
完成做某事
finish doing
忙于做某事
be busy doing
情不自禁做某事
can't help doing
想要做某事
feel like doing
盼望做某事
look forward to doing
习惯于做某事
be/get used to doing
做……怎么样?
what/how about doing
在做……之前/之后
before/after doing
比起做B更喜欢做A
prefer doing A to doing B
后面加doing表示被动的搭配
需要做某事
need doing
require doing
want doing
值得做某事
be worth doing
当主语为物时
The car needs washing.
The movie is worth watching.
当主语为人时
need/want/require to do sth.
I want to wash my clothes.
to do和doing
概念的区别
to do sth为动词不定式,表示去做,但是现在还没有做,突出接下来的打算(还没做,将要去做)
doing sth为动名词,实际属于”名词”范畴指的是”一件事”
举例
I enjoy learning English.
指的是"学英语这件事",我享受学英语这件事
I enjoy to learn English.
指的是"去学”,现在还没开始学,享受一件还没有做的事情从逻辑上说不通
I want to learn English.
指的是"去学",是打算要做的事,我想要做的是去学英语。
I want learning English.
我想要"学英语这件事",从逻辑上说不通
+to do/doing差别较大的
forget to do sth.
是忘了一件还没做的,要去做的事情
I forget to read the book.
我忘记去读那本书
forget doing sth.
忘了一件事
I forget reading the book
我忘记读这本书这件事了(我忘了已经读过这本书了)
remember to do sth.
记得去做某事
remember doing sth.
记得做过某事
regret to do sth.
怀着遗憾去做某事
regret doing sth.
遗憾做了某事
stop to do sth.
停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth.
停止做某事
go on to do sth.
继续做另一件事
go on doing sth.
继续做同一件事
+to do/doing意思细微差别的
doing 表示习惯性的,长期性的行为
to do 表示一次的,偶尔的行为
like to do sth./ like doing sth.
喜欢做某事
love to do sth./ love doing sth.
喜欢做某事
hate to do sth./ hate doing sth.
讨厌政集事
+to do/doing意思相近的
begin to do sth./begin doing sth.
开始做某事
start to do sth./start doing sth.
开始做某事
continue to do sth./continue doing sth.
继续做某事
bother to do sth./bother doing sth.
费心做某事
attempt to do sth./attempt doing sth.
试图做某事
intend to do sth./intend doing sth.
打算做某事
cease to do sth./cease doing sth.
停止做某事
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