第三章 关系词
2023-06-05 01:44:49 2 举报AI智能生成
第三章 关系词
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
关系代词
功能：引导定语从句
种类：who、whom、which、that
who / whom 主格 / 宾格
which 事物 / 句子
that 无介词、限制性定语从句
专属：序数词、最高级、不定代词、be动词、专指性形容词、避免重复、混合先行词
介词与关系代词
介词 + which
The house in which we live is very large.
介词还原，此时可用that
The house which / that we live in is very large.
注意：固定搭配的介词不要拆
定语从句的类型
非限制性定语从句：先行词为专有名词或唯一性名词，加逗号
限制性定语从句：先行词为一般名词且不具特殊性，不加逗号
注意：一般名词若有形容词修饰则具有特殊性
He is a gentleman, who never breaks his word.
关系代词的省略
先行词在从句中作宾语
定语从句的化简
非限制性定语从句：同位语
John, a good friend of mine, came to see me yesterday.
限制性定语从句：非谓语动词
定语从句中的插入语
插入语：主语 + 认知动词
I think / find / believe
完全及物动词：属于插入语
He is a man who I think is nice.
不完全及物动词：不再是插入语
He is a man whom I think to be nice.
关系代词所有格
功能：引导定语从句
种类：whose
of which
关系副词
功能：引导定语从句
种类：where、when、why、how
where：in / on / at which
when: in / on / at which
why: for which
how: by / through which
关系副词的省略
限制性定语从句：when、why可省略，how必省略
That's the way we do it.
修饰名词作表语：名词性结构 / 名词性从句
That's where he was born.
时间状语从句：the moment / the instant / the minute / the time / the day
关系指示代词
功能：引导定语从句
种类：which
this / that
He speaks German, which language I don't understand.
复合关系代词
功能：引导名词性从句
种类：whoever、whomever、whichever、whatever、however、whether
Whoever makes the mistake should be punished.
Give it to whomever you like.
You may take whichever you like.
Whatever he says is a lie.
I don't care however nice he is.
Whether he is rich or not doesn't matter.
注意：whoever、whatever、however、whether可以做副词连接词引导状语从句
Whoever makes the mistake, he should be punished.
Whatever he says, it is a lie.
However nice he is, I don't care.
Whether he is rich or not, it doesn't matter.
注意：however可以做连接性副词连接两个句子
He is nice; however, I don't like him.
准关系代词
种类：than、as、but
than: than the + 先行词 + 关系代词
I have more money than (the money that) is needed.
as: as the + 先行词 + 关系代词
such ... as ...
I respect such an honest man as you described.
注意：这个结构中不能用 like 替代 as
the same ... as ...
I have the same dictionary as you bought yesterday.
注意：比较 the same ... that ...
as ... as ...
仅限搭配单数名词
I have as good a dictionary as you (do).
I have as many good dictionaries as you (do).
类似组合
so ... that ...
He is so good a student that I like him.
They are such good students that I like them.
There is so much work to do that I don't think I can go to bed early.
too ... to ...
This is too difficult a job to do.
These problems are too difficult to handle.
how ...
How clever a girl she is.
What good students they are.
What good music it is.
as 代替 which
As we all know, he is nice.
注意：as 后面的 be 动词可以省略
As mentioned before, he is nice.
注意：一些特例
He was drunk, as usual.
He was drunk, as is usual with him.
His conditions are as follows.
His conditions are as what follows.
but: 关系代词 + ... + not
be动词，保留
There is nothing he is fond of.
一般助动词，保留
There is nothing but he can do.
does、did、done，删除还原
There was no one but he hated.
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