英语基础--语法规则
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英语基础--语法规则
作者其他创作
大纲/内容
成分的分类
主干成分
主语
名词做主语
Grammar matters
代词做主语
I love you
数词做主语
Eight is my lucky number
不定式做主语
To see is to believe
it做形式主语
It took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft
谓语
表语
宾语
补语
废话成分
定语
前置定语
名词修饰名词
lemon tree
形容词修饰名词
my favorite movie
代词修饰名词
our friedship
非谓语动词修饰名词
doing(表性质,正在发生)
boiling water
done(表示结束)
biled water
后置定语
介词短语修饰名词
emphasis on data
a lack of demand
girl with laughing
The biggest proble at the moment
People in developing countries
形容词短语修饰名词
a buy resonable for his study
非谓语动词修饰名词
doing(表示主动)
a girl wearing jeans
done(被动)
to do(去做)
状语
同位语
We two should study hard
I like the number eight
I have a plan,being a teacher
插入语
从句
名词性从句(18)
分类
主语从句
连词到第一个动词之间就是主语从句
That he didn't show up on time is strange
It 作形式主语引导定语从句
It+be+adj+主从(true/obvious/important)
It is true that...
It+be+done+主从(said/reported/shown)
It is shown that...
It+be+n+主从(truth/fact)
It is a fact that...
It+不及物动词+主从(seems/appears)
It seems that...
宾语从句
及物动词+从句
The defendant said he did do it
介词+句子
adj+句子
表语从句
主系+从句
The important thing is (that)you're all right
同位语从句
抽象名词+句子
The story that she loves him might just be true
连词
引导陈述句
that
引导疑问句,是否
if/whether
引导特殊疑问句
what.whatever,who,whoever,which,how,when,where,why
定语从句
概述
定义
定语从句公式
定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句
关系词的分类
关系代词引导
人
who/that(充当主语)
The boys who are playing football are from class one
whom/that(充当宾语)
He is the man whom(who/that) I talk to
whose(充当定语)
He has a friend whose father is a doctor
物
which(做主语,作宾语可省略,也可修饰整个句子)
I like apples which are sweet
Grammar matters,which is true
that(当句中的表示的物不带有普遍性,往往表示特定,则只能用that)
This is the best film that I have seen
There is little that I can do for you
关系副词引导(关系副词=介词+关系代词)
why(for which)
where(in/at/on +which)
when(during/in/on +which)
when前如果有和时间相关的单词则引导定语,翻译为“那时....”
when前如果没有和时间相关单词则引导时间状语从句,翻译为“当.....”
定语从句的分类
限制性定语从句
She has two sons who work in China
非限制性定语从句
She has two sons ,who work in China
状语从句
概述
定语
构成
引导词+完整的句子
状语从句及其关系词详解
地点状语从句
where/wherever
时间状语从句
when
while
as
before
after
since
until
as soon as
by the time
each time/every time
原因状语从句
介词
because of/due to/thanks to
连词
because/as/since
now that/seeing that/considering that
目的状语从句
lest/in case/for fear that
in order that
so that
结果状语从句
so that
so...that/such that
条件状语从句
if/only if if only
unless
as long as/provided that/once /on condition that
让步状语从句
介词
inspite of/regardless of/despite of
连词
though/although/even though
even if/while/as
no matter how/what
方式状语从句
比较状语从句
词法
实词
名词
专有名词
普通名词
动词
谓语动词
分类
实义动词
不及物动词
主谓
Time flies
She cried
及物动词
主谓宾
及物动词+宾语
I love you
不及物动词+介词+宾语
She often looks after her sister
be+adj+介词+宾语
I am interested in grammer
主谓双宾
I will tell you a secret
I will tell a secret to you
四个特殊用法
Provide sb with sth
Inform sb of sth
accuse sb of sth
deprive sb of sth
主谓宾宾补
Learning grammar makes us happy
系动词
主系表
you are my sunshine
The prospect seems romte
谓语动词详解
主谓一致
可数名词or不可数名词做主语
Grammar matters
he/she/it/something/what等
She likes grammar
非谓语动词作主语
To see is to believe
句子做主语
That grammar matters is true
否定
否定do/does/did+not+实义动词
They did not want to be followed
be/助动词/情态动词
You are not alone
语态
主动语态
People often consider curiosity is a good instinct
被动语态
Curiosity is often considered a good instinct
时态(11)
时间
过去
现在
将来
过去将来
状态
一般时
动作没有停止,表示事实
进行时
某个时间段进行的动作
完成时
某个动作的影响
完成进行时
某个动作的影响,且该动作未停止
情态动词
can/could
may/might
will/would
shall/should
must
情态动词
非谓语动词
形容词
副词
副词的分类(4)
虚词
冠词
a/an
the
零冠词
介词(5)
连词
并列连词
从属连词
定语从句
名词性从句
状语从句
常见名词后缀
-ster,-eer,-er,-or(从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人)
-let(小或不重要的东西)
-ette(小的,假的)
-ess(女性)
-hood(时期)
-ship(才能,状态,资格,品质)
-ful(量)
-tion,-ion(状态,行动,机构)
-ment(状态,行动)
-al(动作)
-age(程度,数量)
-ness,ity,ty(状态,品质)
-ism(道义,主义,学说)
形容词后缀
能...怎样的,可以...的
-able,-ible
有....属性的,有...类型的
-al
-ive
属于...的,与..相连的
-ary,-ory
-ic,ical
充满,有
-ful
没有,无
-less
富含...的,像...的
-ous
-y,-ish
-some
-like
有....的
-ed
-ing
有...品质的
ly
信仰...主义的
-ist
其他
-en
-ant
-ar
定语从句和状语从句的区分方法
相似之处
都位于名词后面
不同之处
看名词是否抽象(suggestion,idea,belief,statement,phenomenon)
I like books which are interesting(定)
I have a suggestion that we should read books(同)
看连词
whether,what,how一定是同位语从句
that
成分缺失为定语从句
成分完整为同位语从句
注意while
若在句中
当....时候
Strike while the iron is hot
但是
You are cute while I don't love you
放在句首表虽然
While you are cute,I don't love you
如果前面出现can/could就表示为了
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