There be 句型
2024-04-24 22:08:21 0 举报
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英语基础语法:There be 句型。
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前置说明
there be 句型表达的是:某时某地 存在 某人某物,翻译为:有...、存在...。
与 hava 的区别是:
与 hava 的区别是:
- have:是及物动词,强调主语的 占有、拥有 关系,即 某人拥有 什么。
- there + be:是一种特殊结构,主语在 be 的后面,强调存在,即 某时某地 存在 某人某物,不强调 所属关系
如:The room has ten people ❌ 这句话用了 have,强调主语 the room 拥有 10 个人,这是不符合逻辑的,房间不可能拥有 10 个人,
人不属于房间;这里的 有 并不是 拥有,而是强调 房子里面存在十个人,正确的应该是:There are ten people in the room。
1)I have an English dictionary 我有一本英语词典(强调主语 I 拥有 an English dictionary【所属关系】)
2)There is an English dictionary on the desk. 书桌上有一本英语字典(强调主语 词典 在书桌上,但 词典并不属于书桌【存在关系】)
人不属于房间;这里的 有 并不是 拥有,而是强调 房子里面存在十个人,正确的应该是:There are ten people in the room。
1)I have an English dictionary 我有一本英语词典(强调主语 I 拥有 an English dictionary【所属关系】)
2)There is an English dictionary on the desk. 书桌上有一本英语字典(强调主语 词典 在书桌上,但 词典并不属于书桌【存在关系】)
肯定句 规则:there + be +(冠词 / 数词 / 量词)+ 主语 + 地点状语 +(时间状语)
- there be 句型是一种 特殊的状态型句子,可以和助动词、情态动词连用;
- there 是引导词,可翻译为 有;be 是谓语动词,通过 时态 和 作主语的 名词单复数 决定 be 的格式;be 后面的名词 是主语;。
- 主语 只能是 普通名词 和 不定代词,即 可数名词、不可数名词、不定代词;其他的名词,如 专有名词、人称代词主格、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格 都不可以出现在 There+be 句型里面,主要是逻辑不通顺。
- 修饰 主语 的冠词 不能用 the、that、this。
there be 是状态型 句式,所以是不能出现 实义动词 的。
如:有个男人在 卧室抽烟:There is a man smoke in the restroom. ❌
smoke 要变为 smoking 非谓语动词,才可以做 主补!!!
正确的翻译是:There is a man smoking in the restroom. ✅
如:有个男人在 卧室抽烟:There is a man smoke in the restroom. ❌
smoke 要变为 smoking 非谓语动词,才可以做 主补!!!
正确的翻译是:There is a man smoking in the restroom. ✅
否定句 规则:在 be 后面加 no / not(any):there + be + no / not(any)+ 主语 + 状语;
翻译为:没有...
翻译为:没有...
no 和 not 的区别:
- no 是形容词,可以 直接放在名词之前;但如果名词前 有 the、 a、an、any、much、enough、量词 等,则只能用副词 not 。
一般疑问句 规则:把 be 动词移到句首:be + there +(any)+ 主语 + 状语?
特殊疑问句 规则:疑问词(+ 名词)+ be + there + 状语?
1)How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少个学生?
2)How many people are there in the park?公园里面有多少人?
2)How many people are there in the park?公园里面有多少人?
在不同时态中的变化
一般现在时态
主语是 单数、不可数名词 用 is,复数用 are;多个主语的情况,采用 就近原则,跟靠近的那个主语一致。
肯定句
1)There are forty students in our class 我们班有40个学生。
2)There is a dictionary on the desk 书桌上有一本词典。
3)There are many people in the park 公园里面有很多人。
4)There is a book,a note-book and two dictionaries on the desk. 书桌上有一本书,一个笔记本和两本词典.
5)There are two dictionaries,a book and a notebook on the desk 书桌上有两本词典、一本书和一个笔记本。
2)There is a dictionary on the desk 书桌上有一本词典。
3)There are many people in the park 公园里面有很多人。
4)There is a book,a note-book and two dictionaries on the desk. 书桌上有一本书,一个笔记本和两本词典.
5)There are two dictionaries,a book and a notebook on the desk 书桌上有两本词典、一本书和一个笔记本。
否定句
1)There are not any people in the room 房间里面没有人
2)There is no dictionary on the desk 书桌上没有词典
3)There are not ten people in the room 房间里面没有十个人
4)There is not a stone beside the river 河边没有一块石头
2)There is no dictionary on the desk 书桌上没有词典
3)There are not ten people in the room 房间里面没有十个人
4)There is not a stone beside the river 河边没有一块石头
一般疑问句
1)Are there ten people in the room?房间里面有十个人吗?
2)Is there a stone beside the river?河边有一块石头吗?
3)Is there any water in the glass?玻璃杯里有水吗?
Yes,there is. 是的,有
No,there isn't. 不,没有
4)Are there many people in the park?公园里面有很多人吗?
Yes,there are 是的,有
No,there aren‘t 不,没有
2)Is there a stone beside the river?河边有一块石头吗?
3)Is there any water in the glass?玻璃杯里有水吗?
Yes,there is. 是的,有
No,there isn't. 不,没有
4)Are there many people in the park?公园里面有很多人吗?
Yes,there are 是的,有
No,there aren‘t 不,没有
一般过去时态
主语是 单数、不可数名词 使用 was,复数用 were;多个主语用 就近原则。
1)There was a car beside my house yesterday 昨天我家旁边有一辆车
2)There was wine in the pot before 罐子里以前有酒。
3)There was gold in the cave many years ago 很多年前这山洞里面有金子
4)There was a lot of rain last year. 去年雨水很多。
5)There were two temples nearby many years ago. 很多年前附近有两座庙
2)There was wine in the pot before 罐子里以前有酒。
3)There was gold in the cave many years ago 很多年前这山洞里面有金子
4)There was a lot of rain last year. 去年雨水很多。
5)There were two temples nearby many years ago. 很多年前附近有两座庙
一般将来时态
there will be
be 动词没有变化,固定都是 there will be
1)There will be a hospital near my village in the future 将来我的村子附近会有一所医院。
2)There will be two middle schools in our village next year 明年我们村会有两所中学。
3)There will be gas in the bottle soon 很快瓶子里面就有气体了。
4)There will be an English corner in my website tonight. 今晚我的网站将有一个英语角活动。
2)There will be two middle schools in our village next year 明年我们村会有两所中学。
3)There will be gas in the bottle soon 很快瓶子里面就有气体了。
4)There will be an English corner in my website tonight. 今晚我的网站将有一个英语角活动。
there is / are going to be
主语是 单数、不可数名词 使用 there is going to be,复数用 there are going to be;多个主语用 就近原则。
1)There is going to be a hospital near my village in the future. 将来我的村子附近会有一所医院。
2)There is going to be gas in the bottle soon. 很快瓶子里面就有气体了。
3)There are going to be two middle schools in our village next year. 明年我们村会有两所中学。
2)There is going to be gas in the bottle soon. 很快瓶子里面就有气体了。
3)There are going to be two middle schools in our village next year. 明年我们村会有两所中学。
现在完成时态
主语是 单数、不可数名词 使用 there has been,复数用 there hava been;多个主语用 就近原则。
1)There has been a big supermarket here 这里已经有一个大超市了。
2)There have been three kindergartens in our village 我们村已经有三所幼儿园了
2)There have been three kindergartens in our village 我们村已经有三所幼儿园了
含情态动词
直接把 情态动词 放在 系动词原型 be 前面就可以了(情态动词必须跟 动词原型)
There + 情态动词 + be 原型 + 名词 + 地点状语
There + 情态动词 + be 原型 + 名词 + 地点状语
1)There can be gold inside your wall 你的墙壁里面可能有金子
2)There may be four students in my house 我家也许会有四个学生。
3)There must be 15 students in my class 我班上肯定有15个学生。
4)There should be many fishes in the pool 水池里面应该有很多鱼
5)There must be no money in the box. 箱子里面肯定没有钱。
2)There may be four students in my house 我家也许会有四个学生。
3)There must be 15 students in my class 我班上肯定有15个学生。
4)There should be many fishes in the pool 水池里面应该有很多鱼
5)There must be no money in the box. 箱子里面肯定没有钱。
其他
there+be 结构中谓语动词 be 的其他形式
there be 中有时不用谓语动词 be,而用其他单词来代替,如 seem to be 似乎有、happen to be 碰巧有、used to be 过去常常有,也可以直接加表示 “存在” 概念的动词,如 exist 存在、live、stand、come 等。
1)There happe ned to be no people in the hall.碰巧大厅里没人。
2)There happened to be an ugly man beside her. 她旁边碰巧有一个丑男。
3)There seems to be something wrong with your cellphone.你的手机似乎有点毛病。
4)There seem to be a lot of pictures in your cellphone. 你手机里面似乎有很多相片。
5)There used to be many people beside the river many years ago. 很多年前河边经常有很多人。
6)There stands a post office next to our school.我们学校旁边有一个邮局。
7)Long long ago,there lived a beautiful and kind girl in a village by the sea.很久以前,在海边的 小村庄住着一个美丽善良的姑娘。
2)There happened to be an ugly man beside her. 她旁边碰巧有一个丑男。
3)There seems to be something wrong with your cellphone.你的手机似乎有点毛病。
4)There seem to be a lot of pictures in your cellphone. 你手机里面似乎有很多相片。
5)There used to be many people beside the river many years ago. 很多年前河边经常有很多人。
6)There stands a post office next to our school.我们学校旁边有一个邮局。
7)Long long ago,there lived a beautiful and kind girl in a village by the sea.很久以前,在海边的 小村庄住着一个美丽善良的姑娘。
have 和 there be 可以互换使用的情况
1、当 have 表示 “包括” 时可以用 there be 句型替换。
1)一年有四季:a year has four seasons. = there are four seasons in a year.
1)一年有四季:a year has four seasons. = there are four seasons in a year.
2、当 have 表示 “存在” 时可以用 there be 句型替换。
1)北京有许多大学:Beijing has many universities = There are many universities in Beijing
2)我的房子有三个房间:My house has three rooms = There are three rooms in my house
1)北京有许多大学:Beijing has many universities = There are many universities in Beijing
2)我的房子有三个房间:My house has three rooms = There are three rooms in my house
3、当 have后是 不定式 或 分词短语时,可以使用 there be 替换。
1)我没有什么事可做:I have nothing to do. = There is nothing for me to do.
1)我没有什么事可做:I have nothing to do. = There is nothing for me to do.
这两种形式的 句子意思基本相同,区别在于:have 侧重主观,there be 侧重客观存在。如:
1)I have a message for you. 我给你带来个口信。
2)There is a message for you。有你的一个口信。
1)I have a message for you. 我给你带来个口信。
2)There is a message for you。有你的一个口信。
4、当 have 的主语是 人称意义很淡薄的 we 或 they 时可以用 there be 句型替换
1)最近下了很多雨:We've had a lot of rain lately. = There has been a lot of rain lately
1)最近下了很多雨:We've had a lot of rain lately. = There has been a lot of rain lately
there be 结构出现补语的情况
there be 后面的主语 可以加 动名词、动词不定式、过去分词。这些 非谓语在这里作定语,也可以说是 主语补足语。
如果主语是有生命的,可以表示 “某地有某人某物 做某事”。
这种情况,可以用一个句型表示:There be + 名词(主语)+ 动名词/动词不定式/过去分词 + 地点状语
There be 后面的名词属于作主语的作用,这个名词后面的 动名词、动词不定式、过去分词 起到补充说明的作用,所以可以称为 “主语补足语”。
1)There is a man in the park.公园里面有一个人
2)There is a man smoking in the park.公园里面有一个人正在抽烟(smoking 用于说明主语的情况。因此可以称为 主语补足语)
如果主语是有生命的,可以表示 “某地有某人某物 做某事”。
这种情况,可以用一个句型表示:There be + 名词(主语)+ 动名词/动词不定式/过去分词 + 地点状语
There be 后面的名词属于作主语的作用,这个名词后面的 动名词、动词不定式、过去分词 起到补充说明的作用,所以可以称为 “主语补足语”。
1)There is a man in the park.公园里面有一个人
2)There is a man smoking in the park.公园里面有一个人正在抽烟(smoking 用于说明主语的情况。因此可以称为 主语补足语)
1)There are many people dancing in the park 公园里有很多人在跳舞。
2)There will be three students to come to my house next month 下个月将会有三个学生来我家。
3)There was a man killed here last night 昨晚这里有一个男人被杀了(过去分词表达被动意义)
4)there are 10 sheep eating grass on the hill.山上有十只绵羊在吃草。
5)there are ten days left to Spring Festival 还有十天就到春节了。
2)There will be three students to come to my house next month 下个月将会有三个学生来我家。
3)There was a man killed here last night 昨晚这里有一个男人被杀了(过去分词表达被动意义)
4)there are 10 sheep eating grass on the hill.山上有十只绵羊在吃草。
5)there are ten days left to Spring Festival 还有十天就到春节了。
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